Element-specific determination of chlorine in gases by Laser-Induced-Breakdown-Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Abstract

An experimental set-up for the detection of elemental chlorine in chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) is described based on a miniaturized system, which could be used for on-line monitoring of chlorinated compounds. With an optimized time-resolved detection chlorine from CHCs like CCl(4) can be determined by Laser-Induced-Breakdown-Spectroscopy (LIBS) with microg/g-detection limits in the gas phase. The application of a miniaturized Nd : YAG laser resulted only in a minor loss in performance, hence it could be used for designing a rugged and small on-line sensor. In addition, preliminary results for the detection of chlorine via the formation of CuCl in the plasma formed by focussing the laser on a copper surface are reported. Utilizing the luminescence of the CuCl D-system at 440 nm, a tenfold improvement in the detection limits was obtained. It appears that the formation of "ad hoc" selected, small molecules in a laser plasma could be a promising alternative for the selective and sensitive analysis of gaseous chlorinated and other species.

Plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…LIBS is suitable for special requirements of practical solid, [1][2][3][4] liquid, [5][6][7][8] and gas analyses. 9,10 For traditional LIBS systems, nanosecond (ns) pulse lasers are widely used. But due to some adverse impacts like laser emission intensity, long pulse duration, and plasma shielding effect, 11 the ns-LIBS has drawbacks, including low reproducibility and repeatability, low signal-to-noise ratios, and difficult molecular measurements.…”

Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to the analysis of secondary materials in industrial production

“…Food and food supplements (Agrawal • et al , 2011;Barnett et al , 2011;Lei et al , 2011). Gases and exhaust gases (Haisch • et al , 1996;Ferioli et al , 2003;D'Ulivo et al , 2006;Sturm et al , 2007;Esseler et al ., 2012). Glass and glass melts (Yun • et al , 2002;Bridge et al , 2006;Matiaske et al , 2012).…”

Differentiation of fibrotic liver tissue using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an optical technique that allows multielemental analysis of any kind of sample (solid, liquid and gas) [11][12][13]. In this technique, a pulsed laser is focused onto a sample ablating a small amount of material producing a plasma.…”