Element Content of Surface and Underground Water Sources around a Cement Factory Site in Calabar, Nigeria

Egbe, Edmund Richard; Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Augusta Chinyere; Offor, Sunday Jeremaiah; Usoro, Chinyere Adanna Opara; Etukudo, Maise Henrieta; Egbe, Deborah Ifunanya

doi:10.29252/arakmu.11.1.19

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Cement production is one of the major sources of environmental pollution associated with industrialization in developing countries. Cement dust emission has been described as the major source of heavy metal contamination of the environment [1]. Higher values than safe limits have been reported for Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr in water and leafy vegetables in cement contaminated areas [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Health Risk Associated with Heavy Metal Contamination of Edible Vegetables in Cement Contaminated Area

Egbe

Nsonwu-Anyanwu

Offor

et al. 2019

ARRB

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Aim: Heavy metal (HM) content of some vegetables in the vicinity of a cement factory can be a useful index for assessment of HM contamination of the environment associated with cement production. Study Design: This cross sectional study was conducted at the United Cement Company at Mfamosing, Akamkpa local government area, Cross River State, Nigeria between February to November 2016. Methods: One hundred and forty edible vegetables of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Amaranthus viriditis (green leaf), Talinum triangulare (water leaf), Lavantheca africanum, Heinsia crinata and Gnatum africana were collected at varying distances and directions from the cement factory site and an area remote to the site serving as control. The lead (Pb), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) content of the vegetable samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at P = .05. Results: The Pb, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Se and Zn content of vegetables in all the locations studied were within the safe limits except for Cr and As levels of some vegetables from location closest to the factory which were higher than the safe limits. The HM content of all vegetables from location closest to the factory were significantly higher than those from other locations (P <0.001). The hazard quotient (HQ) of all HM in all the vegetables were <1 except for Mn in T. occidentalis which was >1. The hazard index (ƩHQ) for all HM in all the vegetables were >1. Conclusion: Cement production is associated with chromium and arsenic contamination of edible vegetables and increase in hazard index of HM levels in vegetables closest to the factory which may be implicated in increased risk for development of deleterious health consequences to consumers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Health Risk Associated with Heavy Metal Contamination of Edible Vegetables in Cement Contaminated Area

Egbe

Nsonwu-Anyanwu

Offor

et al. 2019

ARRB

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“…Nickel cause lung, liver and kidney damage as well as cancer, respiratory failure, birth defects and heart failure (Adelekan and Abrgunde, 2011;Al Hagibi et al, 2018). a,b,c,d,e Means in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) The value of As increased from 1.99±0.02 (Pond 3) to 2.35±0.09 mg/l (Pond 1) and the values are higher than 0.00 to 0.010 mg/l in water samples from six (6) ponds at abandoned barite mine site in Cross River State, Nigeria (Adamu et al, 2015) and 0.003±0.001 to 0.029±0.004 mg/l in water samples from surface and underground water sources at cement quarry site in Mfamosing in Akamkpa, Cross River State (Egbe et al, 2017). The concentration of As in Pond 1 is 1.13, 1.18 and 58.75 times higher than its values at Pond 2, Pond 3 and control, respectively.…”

Section: Potentially Toxic Elements (Mg/kg) In Pond Watermentioning

confidence: 89%

Appraising the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Pond Water at Quarry Site in Ngwogwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Ogbonna

Ukpai

Obasi

et al. 2020

Nig. J. Env. Sci. & Tech.

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Quarrying as a land use is a potential source of water pollution but lack of access to safe drinking water has impelled people to make use of pond water from quarry sites. This study investigated the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals of water samples collected at China quarry site in Ngwogwo Ivo Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd (0.01±0.00 to 0.02±0.00 mg/l), Pb (6.70±0.78 to 7.87±1.08 mg/l), Ni (1.03±0.04 to 1.37±0.04 mg/l), As (1.99±0.02 to 2.35±0.09 mg/l), Fe (3.66±0.44 to 4.18±0.04 mg/l) and Zn (2.47±0.06 to 3.17±1.13 mg/l) were higher than the permissible limit of drinking water by World Health Organization, WHO and Standard Organization of Nigeria, SON. Also, the values of biochemical oxygen demand, BOD (37.57±1.44 to 53.13±0.86 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand, COD (59.55±0.51 to 61.28±0.64 mg/l), dissolved oxygen, DO (5.14±1.51 to 5.75±1.09 mg/l), Mn (3.64±0.91 to 5.10±1.27 %) and Ca (91.88±0.18 to 102.83±0.59 %) were higher than the permissible limit recommended by WHO. Consequently, it is recommended that quarry workers and inhabitants of Ngwogwo should be discouraged from making use of the pond water since it is not fit and will expose them to serious health challenges. In addition, Ebonyi State Government should demand Environmental Impact Assessment report from miners before issuing operating license to them.

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“…The source of PTEs can be man-made activities or natural processes. 7,53 The PTEs are the result of erosion processes, chemical and physical reactions of geology and weathering of rocks, 10 and human resources include agricultural, industrial and urban life activities. 56 The correlation between metallic elements and main oxides in nature is managed through some main factors like hotspots and soil geochemical characteristics of the study area, which distinguishes the terrestrial pattern from human.…”

Section: Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 The main types of soil pollutants are oil contamination, industrial inputs, urban pollutants (sewage and waste) and agricultural pollutants. 6,7 The potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), herbicides and pesticides are the most important soil contaminants. 8 The most common metals derived from petroleum pollutants in the soil are Ni, V, Pb, Cr and Cd.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Human Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Surface Soils in Shushtar and Dezful, Iran

Payandeh

2023

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

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Background: The potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. In this study, the elements namely cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, copper and zinc were investigated in the soil. Methods: In this study, 144 composite samples were randomly prepared from surface soils in a depth of 10 cm in the cities of Shushtar and Dezful. Soil sampling was performed in 12 stations in Shushtar and Dezful. The PTEs were determined by ICP Varian 710-ES device. Results: The pattern of accumulation of PTEs was as Cu>Pb>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cr in Dezful. In Shushtar, the accumulation of metals in the soil was as Cu>Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cr. The concentration of Ni and Cr in the surface soils of Shushtar was higher than Dezful. The Ecological risk of Cd in the surface soils of Dezful and Shushtar was higher than other PTEs. The most important risk factor for carcinogenicity was related to Cr (3.15×10-7) in children. Hazard quotient (HQ) value of studied PTEs for adults and children were obtained by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact absorption of less than 1. Conclusion: According to the results, the PTEs of Cd, Pb and Cu caused high pollution in the soils of Shushtar and Dezful, which is due to agricultural, industrial and urban activities in these areas. In general, the metals Cr, Zn and Ni slightly contaminated the soil. Also, the ecological risk of PTEs showed that the highest effects on soil was related to Cd and Pb metals.

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Element Content of Surface and Underground Water Sources around a Cement Factory Site in Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Assessment of Health Risk Associated with Heavy Metal Contamination of Edible Vegetables in Cement Contaminated Area

Assessment of Health Risk Associated with Heavy Metal Contamination of Edible Vegetables in Cement Contaminated Area

Appraising the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Pond Water at Quarry Site in Ngwogwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Ecological and Human Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Surface Soils in Shushtar and Dezful, Iran

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