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A growing interest in the psychology of language is apparent today, perhaps more on the continent than in America. Writers in numerous fields-philology, anthropology, sociology, logic, epistemology, the psychology of thought, child psychology, and social psychology-have been led into consideration of the subject for one reason or another. One can especially detect a growing " language consciousness " in relation to scientific work, a tendency to examine carefully the possibilities and pitfalls of linguistic symbolism, as evidenced, for example, in the new-found popularity of Jeremy Bentham, in the writings of Pareto and Ogden and Richards, and in the recent logical positivist and operationalist movements.An attempt is made in the present article to trace the principal lines of current investigation. 1 There is as yet no established and generally accepted definition of the field that this subject covers. We shall here consider it to embrace all material having to do with the following topics: (a) the nature of language, so far as it is treated by psychological analysis; (b) the development of language, in both its phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects; and (c) the significance of language for social psychology. The three main sections of the article will be devoted to these three subjects respectively. Because of considerations of space, it will not be possible for us to enter into a discussion of various specialized problems, such as gesture language, bilingualism, and language learning. I. THE NATURE OF LANGUAGEA. Theoretical Considerations. There has been little agreement as to what language is. For Plato (110) it was a set of signs used * The author is indebted to Professor G. W. Allport for criticism in the preparation of this article.1 For other recent surveys differing considerably from this in approach, see Esper (40), and Adams and Powers (1) ; also Psychologie du Langage (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1933), consisting of reprints from the /. dc Psychol.; likewise the addresses on Sprachtheorie in the Proceedings of the Twelfth Congress of the German Society for Psychology (65).
A growing interest in the psychology of language is apparent today, perhaps more on the continent than in America. Writers in numerous fields-philology, anthropology, sociology, logic, epistemology, the psychology of thought, child psychology, and social psychology-have been led into consideration of the subject for one reason or another. One can especially detect a growing " language consciousness " in relation to scientific work, a tendency to examine carefully the possibilities and pitfalls of linguistic symbolism, as evidenced, for example, in the new-found popularity of Jeremy Bentham, in the writings of Pareto and Ogden and Richards, and in the recent logical positivist and operationalist movements.An attempt is made in the present article to trace the principal lines of current investigation. 1 There is as yet no established and generally accepted definition of the field that this subject covers. We shall here consider it to embrace all material having to do with the following topics: (a) the nature of language, so far as it is treated by psychological analysis; (b) the development of language, in both its phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects; and (c) the significance of language for social psychology. The three main sections of the article will be devoted to these three subjects respectively. Because of considerations of space, it will not be possible for us to enter into a discussion of various specialized problems, such as gesture language, bilingualism, and language learning. I. THE NATURE OF LANGUAGEA. Theoretical Considerations. There has been little agreement as to what language is. For Plato (110) it was a set of signs used * The author is indebted to Professor G. W. Allport for criticism in the preparation of this article.1 For other recent surveys differing considerably from this in approach, see Esper (40), and Adams and Powers (1) ; also Psychologie du Langage (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1933), consisting of reprints from the /. dc Psychol.; likewise the addresses on Sprachtheorie in the Proceedings of the Twelfth Congress of the German Society for Psychology (65).
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