Electrosynthesis of amino acids from biomass-derived α-hydroxyl acids

Abstract

Electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived intermediate compounds to high-value products has emerged as a promising approach in the field of biorefinery, not only producing chemicals from non-fossil-based carbon sources but also...

Electroreductive upgradation of biomass into high-value chemicals and energy-intensive biofuels

“…Recent studies have reported that this reaction can be extended to the organic electrolytic systems, which can not only avoid HER but also improve the solubility of furfural in electrolytes. 118,119 In short, two catalytic mechanisms for furfural conversion on metal electrodes have been generally recognized in nonacidic conditions, namely, ECH and electroreductive reduction (Fig. 11).…”

“…Recent studies have reported that this reaction can be extended to the organic electrolytic systems, which can not only avoid HER but also improve the solubility of furfural in electrolytes. 118,119…”

Toward effective electrocatalytic C–N coupling for the synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds using CO2 and biomass as carbon sources

“…Later developments include photocatalytic synthesis using ultra-thin CdS nanosheets as catalysts, while the amino acid yield rate was not high enough, and electrochemical synthesis achieved highyield amino acid production. 161,167 Yan's research group 182 first carried out selective oxidation of α-hydroxy acid in the anode chamber of a continuous-flow electrolyzer to obtain α-keto acids, followed by synthesis of oxime and imine intermediates by C─N coupling with NH 3 /NH 2 OH under mild conditions, and finally the oxime and imine intermediates were electrochemically hydrogenated in the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell to obtain a high yield of amino acid products. Based on the above successful scenarios, the authors generalized this strategy for synthesizing phenylalanine (Phe) from DL-3-phenyllactic acid under the same electrochemical conditions.…”

Electrocatalytic amino acid synthesis from biomass-derivable keto acids over ball milled carbon nanotubes

“…48,49 Interestingly, Sun et al demonstrated that ERA using the same catalyst could be combined with alcohol oxidation to obtain amino acids directly from alcohols. 50 Carbon materials have been recognised as prospective catalysts in diverse electrochemical processes including O 2 reduction, [51][52][53] CO 2 reduction, [54][55][56][57] and organic electrosynthetic reactions. 58,59 The electrocatalytic reactivity of carbon materials is tuneable by defect engineering, heteroatomic doping, and surface functional group modification.…”

“…48,49 Interestingly, Sun et al demonstrated that ERA using the same catalyst could be combined with alcohol oxidation to obtain amino acids directly from alcohols. 50…”