Electrostrictive Properties of Poly(vinylidenefluoride− trifluoroethylene−chlorotrifluoroethylene)

Abstract

Terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) were synthesized as potential materials for electromechanical transduction. These terpolymers had relatively high molecular weights (∼30 kg/mol) and CTFE levels in the range of 5−10 mol %. The presence of the bulky CTFE units disrupts the sequence length of the crystal, which lowers both the melting and Curie transitions; however, the degree of crystallinity remains high. The formation of smaller, more mobile polar domains gives rise to good electromechanical response. At low electric fields (7 MV/m), longitudinal strains as high as 0.5% are attained. This is significantly higher than the strains achieved with the same terpolymer obtained by bulk polymerization. The present materials exhibit a low mechanical modulus (ca. 0.2 GPa) relative to other VDF−TrFE copolymers. This might limit their use, depending on the application.

DSC, WAXD and SEM studies of biodegradation of poly(l-lactide–glycolide–trimethylene carbonate) shape memory terpolymer

“…Earlier the mass fraction of monomers to: LA 67 %, GL 11 %, o-TMC 22 %, respectively, and parameters of polymerization process were optimized. Studied SMP terpolymer, denoted as LP-75, was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization using low-toxicity zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate Zr(acan) 4 as an initiator in Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences CMPW in Zabrze [18].…”

“…changes of: temperature (thermoresponsive SMP), pH (chemosensitive SMP), light wavelength (photoactive SMP), etc. [1][2][3][4][5]. In the case of thermoresponsive SMPs the permanent shape can be formed by a melt processing of them.…”

Electromechanical response of reduced graphene oxide–polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites prepared through in-situ thermal reduction

“…This value of M 1133 is higher than that of most existing electrostrictive polymers such as PU and P(VDF-TrFE CFE) whose values are 14 Â 10 À18 (m 2 /V 2 ) and 8 Â 10 À18 (m 2 /V 2 ), respectively. 35,36 The last two rows in Table II list the electrostrictive coefficient and the maximum applied field for two CNT modified PVDF composites. For the SWNT-PVDF case, 6 the coefficient of electrostriction is very high, in the order of 10 À12 m 2 /V 2 , however the presence of SWNTs reduces the dielectric breakdown substantially such as the maximum possible applied electric field is so low that it greatly limits application.…”

Synthesis and microstructure of a novel graft copolymer from poly(vinylidene fluoride–chlorotrifluoroethylene–trifluoroethylene)

“…Among these crystalline phases, the polar β-phase is the most interesting and important one because it exhibits a strong ferroelectric behavior. [10][11][12] In order to obtain high performance and inexpensive electroactive polymers (EAPs), many efforts have been made to modify the crystal structure and morphology in the PVDF-based polymers, including studies of the effects of irradiation on PVDF-based copolymer [13][14][15][16] and terpolymers, [17][18][19][20] PVDF-based composites, [4,[21][22][23] and PVDFbased polymer blends with thermal treatment. [24][25][26] However, as an important method of modifying polymers, graft copolymerization of comonomers from the backbone of these ferroelectric fluoropolymers was seldom adopted to prepare high performance EAPs.…”