Electrostatic Nonintrusive Method for Measuring the Electric Charge, Mass Flow Rate, and Velocity of Particulates in the Two-Phase Gas–Solid Pipe Flows—Its Only or as Many as 50 Years of Historical Evolution

Gajewski, Juliusz B.

doi:10.1109/tia.2008.2002276

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The velocity of the particles passing through the sensing head was around 2.6 m/s, which was measured using an electrostatic velocimeter [3,16]. Since the root mean square (RMS) amplitude of a sensor signal reflects the strength of the output from the electrode [1,3], the RMS values of the outputs from the electrodes in Array 1 and differential outputs from electrodes A2 and A1 and electrodes B2 and B1, respectively, are depicted in Fig. 10.…”

Section: B Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WING to the advantages of structural simplicity, strong robustness, high stability and low cost, electrostatic sensors have been widely utilized for gas-solids two-phase flow measurement, especially when particles are conveyed in a dilute phase suspension [1][2][3]. Pulverized fuel (PF) flow in pneumatic conveying pipes at power stations and steel production plants is a typical example of dilute gas-solids two-phase flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homogenization of the Spatial Sensitivity of Electrostatic Sensors for the Flow Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids in a Square-Shaped Pipe

et al. 2017

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Abstract-The spatial sensitivity of an electrostatic sensor is recognized as an important factor that affects the accuracy of solids flow measurement in a pneumatic conveying pipe. However, the distribution of the spatial sensitivity is generally inhomogeneous due to the physical structure of the electrostatic sensor and the inherent electrostatic sensing mechanism. This paper proposes a sensitivity homogenization method based on differential measurement, i.e., using the differential outputs from two electrodes with different axial widths. The validity of the sensitivity homogenization method for a square-shaped electrostatic sensing head, which consists of strip-shaped electrode arrays with different widths, is validated through mathematical analysis. Furthermore, the response of the electrostatic sensing head incorporating the sensitivity homogenization method to roping flow regimes was evaluated on a gravity-fed solids flow test rig. Results from both modeling and experimental tests indicate that the homogeneity of the spatial sensitivity is improved significantly. The mean non-uniformity of the outputs from the sensing head is 11.7% as a result of the homogenization method.Index Terms-electrostatic sensor, spatial sensitivity, sensitivity homogenization, square-shaped pipe, gas-solids two-phase flow.

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Section: B Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenization of the Spatial Sensitivity of Electrostatic Sensors for the Flow Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids in a Square-Shaped Pipe

et al. 2017

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“…For example, inductive effects caused by the charged particles can be utilized to measure the particle charge [197,[200][201][202]. The most common method is a combination of a Faraday cage connected to an electrometer [65,131,132,138,140,[203][204][205].…”

Section: Charge Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Separation

Dötterl

Wachsmuth

Waldmann

et al. 2016

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…The detector probe can be also modified to a ring configuration for non-intrusive measurements, the detailed review of which was recently published by Gajewski (2008).…”

Section: Configuration IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Direct Charge Measurements of Microdroplets and Comparison with Indirect Methods

Kim

Dunn

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The charging of micrometer-sized droplets in an electric field was examined experimentally using both direct and indirect droplet-charge measurements. Liquids with different dielectric constants (water, ethanol, and mineral oil) were studied. A specially designed low-noise charge detector was used directly to measure individual droplet charge. The total charge and droplet mean charge for an ensemble of droplets were obtained indirectly by current measurements. These were coupled with phase-Doppler anemometer droplet diameter, velocity, and flux measurements. Individual droplet charge also was determined indirectly via droplet trajectory analysis coupled with high-speed digital photography. All three methods were compared. In general, the droplet charge was found to depend on its position inside the charger, its dielectric constant, and the magnitude of the applied electric field.

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Electrostatic Nonintrusive Method for Measuring the Electric Charge, Mass Flow Rate, and Velocity of Particulates in the Two-Phase Gas–Solid Pipe Flows—Its Only or as Many as 50 Years of Historical Evolution

Cited by 57 publications

References 40 publications

Homogenization of the Spatial Sensitivity of Electrostatic Sensors for the Flow Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids in a Square-Shaped Pipe

Homogenization of the Spatial Sensitivity of Electrostatic Sensors for the Flow Measurement of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids in a Square-Shaped Pipe

Electrostatic Separation

Real-Time Direct Charge Measurements of Microdroplets and Comparison with Indirect Methods

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