Electrostatic instability of electron beams in a planar E×B amplifier

Abstract

A wave equation is kinetically derived for an electron beam to describe the linear electrostatic perturbations propagating in the perpendicular direction with respect to the applied magnetic field in a planar E x B amplifier in which the operating electric field is inhomogeneous. For omega(c)>omega(p), the massless guiding center limit is taken to obtain the wave equation for the analysis of the electrostatic instability encountered in the planar E x B amplifier. In this work the plasma density profile is assumed to be a step function with vacuum boundaries between the cathode and the anode. The growth rates of the perpendicular electrostatic wave are obtained for the parameters such as the location and the thickness of the electron beam as well as the wave number.

Light scattering in a three-phase photosensitive systemviaMonte Carlo approach

“…The model assumes irradiation of a square pixel with a nominal distance of 50 μm in the x – y plane, and that all pixels are located next to each other with no spacing. However, in reality, the pixels in the DMD have a small distance between each other 68 The micromirror is also attached to a torsional hinge by the use of a via 69 which generates a hollow square within a given micromirror. These micromirror features create variations in the intensity of reflected light entering the photopolymer resin.…”

Investigation of the effect of electron cyclotron heating on runaway generation in the KSTAR tokamak

“…The electron temperature was measured by an ECE radiometer which covered the frequency range of 110-196 GHz with 1 GHz steps. Two x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers (XICS) for the measurements of profiles of the ion and electron temperatures, rotation velocities, and impurity charge-state distributions have been developed [30,31]. Neutrons from photonuclear and fusion processes were monitored by a high sensitivity 3 He detector and a small fission chamber.…”

A novel technique for the measurement of plasma displacement in IR-T1 tokamak

“…Heretofore, a different methods based on magnetic diagnostics have been proposed and studied on the tokamaks. Commonly, in circular cross-section tokamaks magnetic probes and in elongated tokamaks flux loops methods have been used [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”