Electrospun ultrafine fibers for advanced face masks

Zhang, Zhenfang; Ji, Dongxiao; He, Haijun; Ramakrishna, Seeram

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2020.100594

Cited by 129 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The personal protective equipment with integrated nanofibers is designed to protect from chemical and biological hazards. A mask with nanofibers can have high filtration performance, as well as good breathability, due to its low resistance properties, which makes breathing much more comfortable compared to traditional filtration fibers [ 119 ]. The application areas of air filtration materials are various, and future perspectives are promising.…”

Section: Application Areas Of Electrospun Air Filtration Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

2021

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Air pollution is one of the biggest health and environmental problems in the world and a huge threat to human health on a global scale. Due to the great impact of respiratory viral infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung disease, and heart disease, respiratory allergies are increasing significantly every year. Because of the special properties of electrospun nanofiber mats, e.g., large surface-to-volume ratio and low basis weight, uniform size, and nanoporous structure, nanofiber mats are the preferred choice for use in large-scale air filtration applications. In this review, we summarize the significant studies on electrospun nanofiber mats for filtration applications, present the electrospinning technology, show the structure and mechanism of air filtration. In addition, an overview of current air filtration materials derived from bio- and synthetic polymers and blends is provided. Apart from this, the use of biopolymers in filtration applications is still relatively new and this field is still under-researched. The application areas of air filtration materials are discussed here and future prospects are summarized in conclusion. In order to develop new effective filtration materials, it is necessary to understand the interaction between technology, materials, and filtration mechanisms, and this study was intended to contribute to this effort.

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Section: Application Areas Of Electrospun Air Filtration Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

2021

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“…In addition, the strong forces of van der Waals that are capable of adsorbing submicron-sized particles will be produced. Due to the pores’ good interconnectivity, the diffusion, inertial effect, and interception will also be enhanced [ 52 ].…”

Section: Filtration Mechanisms Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiber-Based Face Masks and Respirators as COVID-19 Protection: A Review

et al. 2021

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Wearing face masks, use of respirators, social distancing, and practicing personal hygiene are all measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pandemic has revealed the deficiency of face masks and respirators across the world. Therefore, significant efforts are needed to develop air filtration and purification technologies, as well as innovative, alternative antibacterial and antiviral treatment methods. It has become urgent—in order for humankind to have a sustainable future—to provide a feasible solution to air pollution, particularly to capture fine inhalable particulate matter in the air. In this review, we present, concisely, the air pollutants and adverse health effects correlated with long- and short-term exposure to humans; we provide information about certified face masks and respirators, their compositions, filtration mechanisms, and the variations between surgical masks and N95 respirators, in order to alleviate confusion and misinformation. Then, we summarize the electrospun nanofiber-based filters and their unique properties to improve the filtration efficiency of face masks and respirators.

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“…At particle sizes of 0.1 to 1 µm, interception can occur when the particle-filter distance is equal to or less than the particle radius [ 1 , 71 , 80 ]. Particles follow primary streamlines allowing particle-filter interaction and filtration for particles up to 0.6 µm [ 72 ].…”

Section: Filtration Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusion is promoted by Brownian Motion of adjunct particles to the filtration media. The particles are deviated from the flow streamline and randomly diffuse through the filtration fabric matrix at particles sizes smaller than 1 µm [ 1 ]. Once the particle is collected on the media, another particle comes to the vacant space to be filtered.…”

Section: Filtration Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unprecedented outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) that is currently a global concern. SARS-CoV-2 has a mortality rate of 3 to 5% and can cause severe pneumonia, acute myocardial injuries, and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system [ 1 ]. The lack of knowledge and incomplete understanding of COVID-19 limits current advancements in research, product development, and manufacturing of respirators and face masks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Research and Development of Face Masks and Respirators Pre and Post the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Critical Review

Ogbuoji

Zaky²,

Escobar

2021

Polymers

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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, has accelerated the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks as one of the methods to reduce and/or eliminate transmission of the coronavirus across communities. Despite the availability of different coronavirus vaccines, it is still recommended by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and local authorities to apply public safety measures including maintaining social distancing and wearing face masks. This includes individuals who have been fully vaccinated. Remarkable increase in scientific studies, along with manufacturing-related research and development investigations, have been performed in an attempt to provide better PPE solutions during the pandemic. Recent literature has estimated the filtration efficiency (FE) of face masks and respirators shedding the light on specific targeted parameters that investigators can measure, detect, evaluate, and provide reliable data with consistent results. This review showed the variability in testing protocols and FE evaluation methods of different face mask materials and/or brands. In addition to the safety requirements needed to perform aerosol viral filtration tests, one of the main challenges researchers currently face is the inability to simulate or mimic true aerosol filtration scenarios via laboratory experiments, field tests, and in vitro/in vivo investigations. Moreover, the FE through the mask can be influenced by different filtration mechanisms, environmental parameters, filtration material properties, number of layers used, packing density, fiber charge density, fiber diameter, aerosol type and particle size, aerosol face velocity and concentration loadings, and infectious concentrations generated due to different human activities. These parameters are not fully understood and constrain the design, production, efficacy, and efficiency of face masks.

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Electrospun ultrafine fibers for advanced face masks

Cited by 129 publications

References 118 publications

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

Nanofiber-Based Face Masks and Respirators as COVID-19 Protection: A Review

Advanced Research and Development of Face Masks and Respirators Pre and Post the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Critical Review

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