The science of regenerative medicine aims to generate and use stem cells, engineered tissues, and artificial organs to restore or establish normal function. 1 Tremendous multidisciplinary efforts dedicated to liver regenerative medicine aim at providing transplantable cells, microtissues, and bioengineered whole livers via tissue engineering and maintaining partial liver function via extracorporeal support. 2,3 Although the liver has high regenerative capacity, endogenous and exogenous stimuli can still result in permanent tissue damage and impairment of liver function. Patients with endstage liver disease or acute liver failure often undergo liver transplantation, which is considerably limited by the lack