“…Remarkable industrial advances, fast technological applications, and fast urbanization have caused a rapid increase in the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human life, resulting in significant environmental contamination and human health hazards. VOCs are one of the most important problems for people living indoors due to their acute and chronic toxicity. , They are a significant class of atmospheric pollutants due to their critical chemical properties, such as a high vapor pressure at ambient temperature, high reactivity, volatility, and toxicity . Owing to these factors, organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency, have issued guidelines to limit the concentration of VOCs in indoor and workplace environments.…”