Electrospun Poly(L-Lactide) Fiber with Ginsenoside Rg3 for Inhibiting Scar Hyperplasia of Skin

Abstract

Hypertrophic scarring (HS) has been considered as a great concern for patients and a challenging problem for clinicians as it can be cosmetically disfiguring and functionally debilitating. In this study, Ginsenoside Rg3/Poly(l-lactide) (G-Rg3/PLLA) electrospun fibrous scaffolds covering on the full-thickness skin excisions location was designed to suppress the hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. SEM and XRD results indicated that the crystal G-Rg3 carried in PLLA electrospun fibers was in amorphous state, which facilitates the solubility of G-Rg3 in the PLLA electrospun fibrous scaffolds, and solubility of G-Rg3 in PBS is increased from 3.2 µg/ml for pure G-Rg3 powders to 19.4 µg/ml for incorporated in PLLA-10% fibers. The released G-Rg3 content in the physiological medium could be further altered from 324 to 3445 µg in a 40-day release period by adjusting the G-Rg3 incorporation amount in PLLA electrospun fibers. In vitro results demonstrated that electrospun G-Rg3/PLLA fibrous scaffold could significantly inhibit fibroblast cell growth and proliferation. In vivo results confirmed that the G-Rg3/PLLA electrospun fibrous scaffold showed significant improvements in terms of dermis layer thickness, fibroblast proliferation, collagen fibers and microvessels, revealing that the incorporation of the G-Rg3 in the fibers prevented the HS formation. The above results demonstrate the potential use of G-Rg3/PLLA electrospun fibrous scaffolds to rapidly minimize fibroblast growth and restore the structural and functional properties of wounded skin for patients with deep trauma, severe burn injury, and surgical incision.

Biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair using bFGF-loaded electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide) fibrous membranes

“…A burst release of 15.4% was detected during the initial 2 days, followed by a constant release for 14 days (days 2-16) and then a slow release for another 8 days (days [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. bFGF located on or near the fiber surface results in the burst release, and the encapsulation of bFGF into the fiber core can apparently alleviate the initial burst release.…”

“…19,20 Of these electrospun fibrous membranes, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a widely used biomedical polymer because of its biodegradability and biocompatibility. 21 PLGA and its derivatives have been used in the preparation of membranes by electrospinning and solvent casting film and have shown preliminary effects in RC repair. 22 Furthermore, electrospun PLGA derivatives can enable bFGF release over 1-2 weeks through blending, emulsion, coaxial, or pre-formulated electrospinning.…”

“…The second to fourth passages of HDFs were used in this study. 21 Sterilized electrospun fibrous scaffolds cut into disks with a 5 mm diameter were pre-wetted with cell culture medium for 2 hours. HDF suspensions (50 µL, 3×10 4 cells/mL) were seeded on the membrane surfaces and placed in 96-well …”

Targeted killing of myofibroblasts by biosurfactant di-rhamnolipid suggests a therapy against scar formation

“…By contrast, in vivo rabbit ear model provided convincible evidences for proposing the potential application in scar therapy, and thus has been widely used to evaluate the effects of anti-scarring compounds2425. The anti-fibrotic effect of RHA, though has been reported on burn wounded rats9, was not convincing as our study on rabbit ear model because rat skin reflected the fibrosis by the sole index of collagen content in healed tissue9.…”

Ginsenosides and their metabolites: a review of their pharmacological activities in the skin

“…and CD8(?) T cells [64] Hair loss prevention Induction of p63 expression [44] Wound healing Increase of intracellular cAMP levels and phosphorylated CEBP expression in nucleus [36] Rg3 Antitumor Reduce TPA-induced activation of NF-jB and ERK Down-regulation of NF-jB and AP-1 transcription factors [8,28,61] Anti-scar formation Decrease of VEGF and collage Type I [12,60] Compound K Antiwrinkle formation Up-regulate production of type I collagen [17] Photoprotection Increase the expression of NER complex, such as XPC and ERCC1 [6] Skin hydration Induce HAS1 upregulation and HA production [34] Anti-atopic dermatitis Reduce MDC level in serum, eosinophils' infiltration and mast cells in skin, and cytokine production in splenocytes [31] Arch Dermatol Res that ginsenoside Rg3 not only inhibits HCC tumor growth and pathology in an animal model, but also improves overall survival [22]. Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathways have also been suggested as another mechanism of action for ginsenoside Rg3 [52], which increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent accumulation of cytochrome C in the cytosol.…”