Electrospun MXene/carbon nanofibers as supercapacitor electrodes

Levitt, Ariana; Alhabeb, Mohamed; Hatter, Christine B.; Sarycheva, Asia; Dion, Geneviève; Gogotsi, Yury

doi:10.1039/c8ta09810g

Cited by 510 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…ESR varies around 0.5 Ω in both solutions, which is considered quite low, thus highlighting the consistency of electrode performance and the practical applicability of the synthesis route we reported here (Table S2) . In the medium to high frequency region, small semicircle arc appears in HPC‐5, HPC‐10, and HPC‐15 cases in both solutions, which corresponds to the presence of R ct at the electrode|electrolyte interface (insets of Figure (a) and Figure (b)) . HPC‐10 clearly has the lowest R ct among the four HPCs samples in both 1 M H 2 SO 4 and 6 M KOH (Table S2), which correlates with its highest specific capacitance and performance retention.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Kong

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Progress in sustainable energy development often relies upon the idea of making use of green materials and agents to fabricate the components of high‐performance energy storage devices. Herein, we show that a relatively high energy density of 11.9 Wh kg−1 at a 0.1 A g−1 current density in a 1 M H2SO4 solution and a stable capacitance performance for up to 10000 cycles can be achieved in a symmetric supercapacitor (SC) made of two identical hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) electrodes derived from bean curd and 10 wt.% potassium carbonate (K2CO3); both of which are non‐toxic, edible materials. Such HPC, defined as HPC‐10, which was made through a one‐pot activation process followed by carbonization at 750 °C, exhibits high specific surface area of 2514 m2 g−1, hierarchical porous framework (i. e., simultaneous presence of abundant micropores, mesopores, and macropores), and contains N and O dopant components. In a three‐electrode system, HPC‐10 showed specific capacitances of 486 F g−1 in a 1 M H2SO4 and 404 F g−1 in a 6 M KOH, both obtained at a 0.1 A g−1 current density. This work also evaluates systematically the porous structure and electrochemical performance of HPC as a function of K2CO3 concentration from 0 wt.% to 15 wt.%.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Kong

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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“…For the small‐batch chemical etching, 1 g of the Ti 3 AlC 2 was slowly added over 5 min into a 60 mL polypropylene bottle containing 10 mL solution composed of 1 mL 29 m (49 wt. %) HF (Acros Organics), 3 mL deionized H 2 O, and 6 mL 12 m HCl (hydrochloric acid, Fisher Scientific), as described in detail in previous reports . The reaction was allowed to continue for 24 h with stirring at 500 rpm at 35 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…%) HF (Acros Organics), 3 mL deionized H 2 O, and 6 mL 12 M HCl (hydrochloric acid, Fisher Scientific), as described in detail in previous reports. [19,41] The reaction was allowed to continue for 24 h with stirring at 500 rpm at 35 C. For the large-batch synthesis, a custom-designed 1 L reactor (MRC, Ukraine) was used for etching ( Figure 1). Prior to addition of the MAX phase, 50 mL of HF, 150 mL H 2 O, and 300 mL HCl (same 1:3:6 volume ratio as earlier) were added into the reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Synthesis of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene

et al. 2020

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Scaling the production of synthetic 2D materials to industrial quantities has faced significant challenges due to synthesis bottlenecks whereby few have been produced in large volumes. These challenges typically stem from bottom‐up approaches limiting the production to the substrate size or precursor availability for chemical synthesis and/or exfoliation. In contrast, MXenes, a large class of 2D transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, are produced via a top‐down synthesis approach. The selective wet etching process does not have similar synthesis constraints as some other 2D materials. The reaction occurs in the whole volume; therefore, the process can be readily scaled with reactor volume. Herein, the synthesis of 2D titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is studied in two batch sizes, 1 and 50 g, to determine if large‐volume synthesis affects the resultant structure or composition of MXene flakes. Characterization of the morphology and properties of the produced MXene using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements show that the materials produced in both batch sizes are essentially identical. This illustrates that MXenes experience no change in structure or properties when scaling synthesis, making them viable for further scale‐up and commercialization.

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“…MXene/PEO nanofibers were coated on conductive PET fibers as receivers by electrospinning, and resultant fibers were used as flexible electrode materials for super‐capacitors. So far, reported electrospinning of 2D crystals requires adding organic polymers or inorganic precursors as spinning aids to prepare composite nanofiber membranes . Although there is no report on the preparation of authentic 2D crystal–based fibers by electrospinning yet, it is predictable that by combining suitable disperse solution of high concentration of 2D crystal with calcinations, etching and extraction methods, authentic 2D crystal–based fibers can be fabricated by electrospinning.…”

Section: Preparation Of 2d Crystal–based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Crystal–Based Fibers: Status and Challenges

Meng

Kong

et al. 2019

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2D crystals are emerging new materials in multidisciplinary fields including condensed state physics, electronics, energy, environmental engineering, and biomedicine. To employ 2D crystals for practical applications, these nanoscale crystals need to be processed into macroscale materials, such as suspensions, fibers, films, and 3D macrostructures. Among these macromaterials, fibers are flexible, knittable, and easy to use, which can fully reflect the advantages of the structure and properties of 2D crystals. Therefore, the fabrication and application of 2D crystal–based fibers is of great importance for expanding the impact of 2D crystals. In this Review, 2D crystals that are successfully prepared are overviewed based on their composition of elements. Subsequently, methods for preparing 2D crystals, 2D crystals dispersions, and 2D crystal–based fibers are systematically introduced. Then, the applications of 2D crystal–based fibers, such as flexible electronic devices, high‐efficiency catalysis, and adsorption, are also discussed. Finally, the status‐of‐quo, perspectives, and future challenges of 2D crystal–based fibers are summarized. This Review provides directions and guidelines for developing new 2D crystal–based fibers and exploring their potentials in the fields of smart wearable devices.

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Electrospun MXene/carbon nanofibers as supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract: MXene/carbon composite electrodes with high loadings of MXene were prepared via electrospinning. These flexible and free-standing electrodes exhibit high areal capacitance relative to pure carbon nanofibers and MXene-coated fibers and textiles.

Cited by 510 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Scalable Synthesis of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene

2D Crystal–Based Fibers: Status and Challenges

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Electrospun MXene/carbon nanofibers as supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract: MXene/carbon composite electrodes with high loadings of MXene were prepared via electrospinning. These flexible and free-standing electrodes exhibit high areal capacitance relative to pure carbon nanofibers and MXene-coated fibers and textiles.

Cited by 510 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K2CO3 Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K2CO3 Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Scalable Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene

2D Crystal–Based Fibers: Status and Challenges

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Product

Resources

About

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Characterization of Hierarchical Porous Carbons Made from Bean Curd via K₂CO₃ Activation as a Supercapacitor Electrode

Scalable Synthesis of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene