Electrospun Lignin-Derived Carbon Micro- and Nanofibers: A Review on Precursors, Properties, and Applications

Svinterikos, Efstratios; Zuburtikudis, Ioannis; Al-Marzouqi, Mohamed

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03246

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(414 reference statements)

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“…Single spinneret setup: In the conventional electrospinning setup, a single spinneret comprising a simple hollow needle is used. In the single this configuration, nanofibers are produced by a low flow rate of the precursor solution and the thickness of the fibers are determined by the diameter of the electrospinning needle [74]. To improve the productivity of the single spinneret, an additional electrode can be introduced to increase the number of jets.…”

Section: Physical Blending Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentration (or viscosity) of precursor solution: For different electrospinning conditions, parameters influence fiber morphology differently. However, the concentration of the precursor solution has been reported to have a major influence on fiber diameter [74,76,77]. At higher concentrations, the viscosity of the electrospinning solution is high which results in larger fiber diameter.…”

Section: Physical Blending Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, lignin/cellulose nanofibers are economically favorable and readily available precursor materials for making carbon nanofiber [78,102,103]. The market for low-cost green and sustainable carbonaceous electrode materials makes lignin/cellulose nanofiber a safer electrode material compared to other costly and harmful materials such as PAN [74,104]. Furthermore, lignin/cellulose nanofibers exhibit the thermal stability of lignin and flexibility of cellulose.…”

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite electrode materials comprising of lignin/cellulose backbone are another effective way of improving the electrochemical performance of lignin/cellulose nanofiber electrodes. Composite nanofibers exhibit high electrical performance (due to their pseudocapacitance) when used as supercapacitor electrodes [74,108].…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

State of the Art and New Directions on Electrospun Lignin/Cellulose Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Application: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2020

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Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high power density, rapid charge/discharge rate, and excellent cycle stability. Carbon-based supercapacitors are increasingly attracting attention because of their large surface area and high porosity. Carbon-based materials research has been recently centered on biomass-based materials due to the rising need to maintain a sustainable environment. Cellulose and lignin constitute the major components of lignocellulose biomass. Since they are renewable, sustainable, and readily accessible, lignin and cellulose-based supercapacitors are economically viable and environmentally friendly. This review aims to systematically analyze published research findings on electrospun lignin, cellulose, and lignin/cellulose nanofibers for use as supercapacitor electrode materials. A rigorous scientific approach was employed to screen the eligibility of relevant articles to be included in this study. The research questions and the inclusion criteria were clearly defined. The included articles were used to draw up the research framework and develop coherent taxonomy of literature. Taxonomy of research literature generated from the included articles was classified into review papers, electrospun lignin, cellulose, and lignin/cellulose nanofibers for use as supercapacitor electrode materials. Furthermore, challenges, recommendations, and research directions for future studies were equally discussed extensively. Before this study, no review on electrospun lignin/cellulose nanofiber-based supercapacitors has been reported. Thus, this systematic review will provide a reference for other researchers interested in developing biomass-based supercapacitors as an alternative to conventional supercapacitors based on petroleum products.

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Section: Physical Blending Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Blending Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of the Art and New Directions on Electrospun Lignin/Cellulose Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Application: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2020

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“…Conditions such as polymer concentration, molecular weight of polymers, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension affect nanofiber formation [ 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, electrospinning has enabled the fabrication of nanofibers comprised of polymer blends, including natural polymers such as lignin [ 23 , 24 ]. These exhibit high porosity, higher electrical conductivity, improved mechanical properties, and high surface area compared to the neat polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile-co-Methyl Acrylate)/Lignin Nanofibers: Effects of Lignin Type and Total Polymer Concentration

et al. 2021

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Lignin macromolecules are potential precursor materials for producing electrospun nanofibers for composite applications. However, little is known about the effect of lignin type and blend ratios with synthetic polymers. This study analyzed blends of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (PAN-MA) with two types of commercially available lignin, low sulfonate (LSL) and alkali, kraft lignin (AL), in DMF solvent. The electrospinning and polymer blend solution conditions were optimized to produce thermally stable, smooth lignin-based nanofibers with total polymer content of up to 20 wt % in solution and a 50/50 blend weight ratio. Microscopy studies revealed that AL blends possess good solubility, miscibility, and dispersibility compared to LSL blends. Despite the lignin content or type, rheological studies demonstrated that PAN-MA concentration in solution dictated the blend’s viscosity. Smooth electrospun nanofibers were fabricated using AL depending upon the total polymer content and blend ratio. AL’s addition to PAN-MA did not affect the glass transition or degradation temperatures of the nanofibers compared to neat PAN-MA. We confirmed the presence of each lignin type within PAN-MA nanofibers through infrared spectroscopy. PAN-MA/AL nanofibers possessed similar morphological and thermal properties as PAN-MA; thus, these lignin-based nanofibers can replace PAN in future applications, including production of carbon fibers and supercapacitors.

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Highly Sodiophilic, Defect‐Rich, Lignin‐Derived Skeletal Carbon Nanofiber Host for Sodium Metal Batteries

Mubarak

Rehman

Ihsan‐Ul‐Haq

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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rechargeable battery technologies rapidly penetrating into many other consumer products and industrial systems in recent years, the development of a broad variety of rechargeable battery chemistries with their own specific merits has become an urgent necessity. [2,3] In particular, the conventional Li ion battery chemistry has almost reached the theoretical energy density limit and the natural scarcity of Li reserves seriously restricts the large-scale applications, necessitating exploration of alternative battery chemistries. Among the known potential choices, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) by virtue of abundant and ubiquitous distribution of sodium in Earth's crust, a high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g -1 ) and a low electrochemical potential (−2.7 versus standard hydrogen electrode) have emerged as a promising candidate for high energy density batteries. [4][5][6] For example, sodium-oxygen (Na-O 2 ) and room temperature sodiumsulfur (RT Na-S) batteries can reach theoretical energy densities of 1605 and 1274 Wh Kg −1 , respectively, several folds higher than 378 Wh kg −1 of conventional Li ion batteries. [7] However, practical implementation of alkali metal anodes including Na has been hindered by fundamental challenges arising from the natural tendency of these metals to grow as inhomogeneous moss-like filaments during cell operation. [8,9] These dendrites not only cause an uncontrollable interfacial reaction with the electrolyte and a large increase in cell impedance, but also generate electrochemically dead metal and severe safety issues. Unless the Na metal is properly protected, a thick, porous solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is formed on its surface at the expense of electrolyte consumption. Inhomogeneous surface chemistries induce an uneven ionic flux across the anode and stimulate a heterogeneous interfacial structure which is continuously amplified during repeated charging and discharging cycles. Such unwanted side-reactions lead to low Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) and significantly curtailed cell life.Considerable research efforts have been made to address the abovementioned issues by introducing new measures, such as electrolyte modulation, [10,11] artificial SEI implantation, [12][13][14][15] and using solid-state electrolytes. [16][17][18] Another widely studied approach is to "host" the metallic anode in a 3D structure that can offer protection from aggressive Three-dimensional host structures with superior sodiophilicity and low nucleation barriers can help combat the complex failure modes of Na metal anodes originating from accelerated dendrite formation, anodic corrosion, and electrolyte depletion. This work reports the fabrication of a unique supersodiophilic, defect-rich and hierarchically porous skeletal carbon nanofiber (SCNF) host for SCNF@Na anodes using electrospinning of the low-cost, renewable lignin biopolymer. The uniform nucleation and plating of Na effectuated by the hierarchically porous structure coupled with the defect-induced formation of a resilient, F-rich solid electro...

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Electrospun Lignin-Derived Carbon Micro- and Nanofibers: A Review on Precursors, Properties, and Applications

Cited by 50 publications

References 115 publications

State of the Art and New Directions on Electrospun Lignin/Cellulose Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Application: A Systematic Literature Review

State of the Art and New Directions on Electrospun Lignin/Cellulose Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Application: A Systematic Literature Review

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile-co-Methyl Acrylate)/Lignin Nanofibers: Effects of Lignin Type and Total Polymer Concentration

Highly Sodiophilic, Defect‐Rich, Lignin‐Derived Skeletal Carbon Nanofiber Host for Sodium Metal Batteries

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