Electrospun composite of polypyrrole-polyamide as a micro-solid phase extraction sorbent

Abstract

A micro-solid phase extraction technique was developed using a novel polypyrrole-polyamide nanofiber sheet, fabricated by electrospinning method. The applicability of the new nanofiber sheet was examined as an extracting medium to isolate malathion as a model pesticide from aqueous samples. Solvent desorption was subsequently performed in a microvial, and an aliquot of extractant was injected into gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Various parameters affecting the electrospinning process including monomer concentration, polyamide content, applied voltage, and electrospinning time were examined. After fabricating the most suitable preparation conditions, influential parameters on the extraction and desorption processes were optimized. The developed method proved to be rather convenient and offers sufficient sensitivity and good reproducibility. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (S/N = 10) of the method under optimized conditions were 50 and 100 ng L(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviation at concentration level of 1 ng mL(-1) was 2% (n = 3). The calibration curve of analyte showed linearity in the range of 0.1-1 ng mL(-1) (R (2) = 0.9975). The developed method was successfully applied to tap and Zayanderood river water samples, while the relative recovery percentages of 98% and 96% were obtained, respectively. The whole procedure showed to be conveniently applicable and quite easy to be manipulated.

Electrospun nanofibres in agriculture and the food industry: a review

“…than traditional extraction methods such as solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) . Bagheri et al prepared smooth and bead‐free PA‐polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibres by the electrospinning technique in a diameter range of 0.5–3 µm and applied them in the pre‐concentration of malathion as an organophosphorus insecticide in aqueous solutions . In this study, a small piece of fibre mat was placed into the malathion solution for 40 min.…”

“…88 Bagheri et al prepared smooth and bead-free PA-polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibres by the electrospinning technique in a diameter range of 0.5-3 μm and applied them in the pre-concentration of malathion as an organophosphorus insecticide in aqueous solutions. 89 In this study, a small piece of fibre mat was placed into the malathion solution for 40 min. Then, the adsorbed analyte was desorbed using a suitable solvent and was determined by the GC/MS technique.…”

Polypyrrole/polyamide electrospun‐based sorbent for microextraction in packed syringe of organophosphorous pesticides from aquatic samples

“…A flow rate of 1.85 mL/min was employed for the polymer solution pumping. The electrospinning process was carried out for 4 h. Our preliminary experiments revealed that the coating has a rough thickness of 100 mm [13]. After electrospinning, a piece of 0.7 cm  0.7 cm of nanofiber sheet was cut from the collector center part and it was immersed in ethanol to separate the nanofiber sheet from the Al collector.…”

“…Also, nanofibers have small interfibrous pore sizes, strong penetrability and interaction with other compounds [6]. These characteristics suit the nanofibrous materials particularly well to be used as membranes or sorbents in a wide range of applications across biomedical and environmental areas, such as submicro particles separation [7], protein purification [8], air cleaning [9] and heavy metal ions [10] and dye removal [11,12], extraction of pesticides [13] and environmental pollutants [14,15], although their full potential in environmental applications has not been comprehensively explored. Since the entrapment of the target molecules by the nanostructured materials is facilitated due to its enhanced surface area, a small amount of nanofibers is expected to be sufficient for the extraction; therefore, the volume of desorption solvent is greatly reduced [16].…”

“…The concept of electrospinning is not that new, but recently the interests regarding the production of nanofibers for analytical applications have been increased [13][14][15][16][17]. The electrospinning process is based on similar phenomena in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) [18].…”