Electrospun Composite Bead-on-String Nanofibers Containing CaO₂ Nanoparticles and MnO₂ Nanosheets as Oxygen-Release Systems for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Oxygen-generating biomaterials have the potential to improve tissue engineering and regenerative therapeutic strategies. However, the development of such materials capable of controlling the local partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the long term is still a major challenge. Here we report nanostructured composite membranes comprising electrospun fibers exhibiting a bead-on-string structure as a controlled oxygen-release system for periodontitis treatment. For this, calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2 NPs) and manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) were incorporated into the structure of hydrophobic electrospun poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based nanofibers. We use CaO2 NPs as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generating precursors when exposed to water, while MnO2 NSs were applied as a nanozyme to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to the final oxygen product. Our results revealed that the beads on the fibrous structure acted as reservoirs of CaO2 NPs and MnO2 NSs. Moreover, the composite membranes provided sustained oxygen release over 7 days, where levels were modulated by the CaO2 NP content. Such constructs exhibited suitable physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activities against some bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) typically associated with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. In vitro studies also revealed that the membranes were not cytotoxic toward human oral keratinocyte (Nok-si) cells as well as enhanced the cell viability when high content of CaO2 NP and MnO2 NS were incorporated into the fiber’s structure. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the nanostructured composite membranes show potential to be employed as oxygen-release platforms for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Electrospun nanofibers synthesis enhancing the activity of energy storage devices/electrochemical and biosensor applications

“…Lithium, being the lightest metal available, possesses a remarkable maximum possible specific capacity 3860 mAh/g and the lowest reduction potential among all metals employed in electrochemical energy storage. The utilization of electrospun nanofibers, which exhibit substantial surface region, substantial porosity, and excellent conductivity, has demonstrated considerable promise in the advancement of adaptable and elastic Lion batteries [134]. Several electrodes, partition, and electrolytes have been created utilising electrospun nanofibers to enhance the electrochemical, mechanical, and security performance of Lion batteries [135][136][137][138].…”

Recent Advances on Electrospun Nanofibers for Periodontal Regeneration

“…Considering the inflammatory nature of periodontitis, some studies used specific additives to control and reduce inflammation, with clear results from in vitro and in vivo tests [68][69][70]. Because periodontal disease treatment requires removal of bacteria and dental plaque, several studies incorporated metal oxides [78,85,96] or antibiotics, such as metronidazole [66,81,108], tetracycline hydrochloride [67,[97][98][99], and amoxicillin [66,104]. The use of metal oxides and antibiotics conferred antibacterial activity to the nanofibrous scaffolds; however, high quantities of the additive often resulted in a decrease in cell viability [81,85,[97][98][99]105].…”

Controlled Release of Oxygen from Calcium Peroxide in a Weak Acidic Condition by Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Nanocoating for Biomedical Applications

“…In the tissue engineering field, cell death due to an oxygen shortage is still a major issue for the construction and transplantation of three-dimensional (3D) tissues. − To address this problem, oxygen-releasing materials have attracted much attention in recent years. − Calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) is one of the most common oxygen sources for these types of materials because it generates oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium hydroxide (Ca­(OH) 2 ) by the reaction with water . Many oxygen-releasing materials have been reported by incorporating CaO 2 in various substrates such as hydrogels − and polymer materials − in a variety of structures. However, the uncontrollability of oxygen release after immersion in water is an issue, especially for the oxygen-releasing hydrogels.…”