Electrospun Bioresorbable Membrane Eluting Chlorhexidine for Dental Implants

Abstract

To prevent the uncontrolled development of a pathogenic biofilm around a dental implant, an antimicrobial drug-release electrospun membrane, set up between the implant and the gingival tissue, was developed by taking several technical, industrial and regulatory specifications into account. The membrane formulation is made of a blend of poly(l-lactic–co–gycolic acid) (PLGA, 85:15) and poly(l-lactic acide–co–ɛ-caprolactone) (PLC, 70:30) copolymers with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) complexed with β-cyclodextrin (CD). The amount of residual solvent, the mechanical properties and the drug release kinetics were tuned by the copolymers’ ratio, between 30% and 100% of PLC, and a CHX loading up to 20% w/w. The membranes were sterilized by γ-irradiation without significant property changes. The fiber′s diameter was between 600 nm and 3 µm, depending on the membrane composition and the electrospinning parameters. CHX was released in vitro over 10 days and the bacterial inhibitory concentration, 80 µg·mL−1, was reached within eight days. The optimal membrane, PGLA/PLC/CHX-CD (60%/40%/4%), exhibited a breaking strain of 50%, allowing its safe handling. This membrane and a membrane without CHX-CD were implanted subcutaneous in a rat model. The cell penetration remained low. The next step will be to increase the porosity of the membrane to improve the dynamic cell penetration and tissue remodeling.

Composite yarns with antibacterial nanofibrous sheaths produced by collectorless alternating‐current electrospinning for suture applications

“…This indicates that the amount of incorporated CHX is low, as CHX addition to other materials usually resulted in more significant changes. 37,38 However, a similar behavior was observed for dental cement, as the addition of the antibacterial agent benzalkonium chloride did not result in changes in the FTIR spectrum, although it made the material antibacterial. 39 The small shifts could probably be attributed to the interaction of the CHX molecules and the PU.…”

The Effect of Microcosm Biofilm Decontamination on Surface Topography, Chemistry, and Biocompatibility Dynamics of Implant Titanium Surfaces

“…These include the clinical presence of shallow pockets, without bleeding-on-probing (BoP) and/or suppuration, and the maintenance of radiographic bone levels [ 12 ]. However, current forms of treatment for peri-implantitis are often inadequate and may result in implant loss [ 4 , 13 , 14 ]. As there is no consensus on a gold-standard protocol of care, nor any universally accepted recommendations, the treatment of peri-implantitis remains a clinical challenge [ 4 , 9 ].…”

Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane with Sustained Chlorohexidine Release Capability against Oral Pathogens

“…Chlorhexidine (CHX)-a common oral antibiotic-hinders plaque development by altering bacterial cohesiveness, thus preventing germs from adhering to the tooth surface. It kills bacteria by damaging their cell walls via interactions with negative ions [11]. CHX is extensively used in mouthwashes to inhibit bacterial growth and prevent cavity development.…”