Electrospraying Technique and Its Recent Application Advances for Biological Macromolecule Encapsulation of Food Bioactive Substances

Altered phase behavior of the lauric acid–stearic acid binary mixtures in electrospun PVA–PDMS mats

“…Electrospun fibers and mats have been successfully employed in various applications ranging from biomedical to energy sectors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The electrospinning process typically requires a viscous medium such as a polymer solution to form nanofibers. However, performing electrospinning using a polymer with a low glass transition temperature (T g ) is very difficult because the high mobility of the chains prevents them from remaining entangled and producing fibers.…”

Marine-Derived Collagen as Biomaterials for Human Health

“…Optimal emulsion storage and transportation conditions in food. (127) Gelatin and peptides Decrease the creaming stability (…”

Electro-Spinning and Electro-Spraying as Innovative Approaches in Developing of a Suitable Food Vehicle for Polyphenols-Based Functional Ingredients

“…With the increase of electric field strength, more electrical charges accumulate on the surface of suspended droplet, especially until a critical point is reached, where internal electrostatic repulsion eventually overcomes the intrinsic molecular tension forces present at the surface of the droplet at the tip of the Taylor cone; an electrically charged jet of the polymer is then ejected from the tip of the Taylor cone and is driven towards the conductive collector (counter electrode [140]) that is, usually held at earth potential to encourage fibers and particles capture. As the jet takes flight between the spinneret and the collector, it experiences a range of competing instabilities including the surface tension driven Rayleigh-Plateau instability [141,142] and the electrically driven axisymmetric conducting instability and whipping/bending instability [136,142] (more correctly described as an expanding helix) [122,123,129]. Electro-spun fibers are formed if the degree of molecular chains entanglement in the polymer solution and the solution concentration (directly proportional to viscosity and surface-tention) are high enough, the polymer jet from Taylor cone is stabilized, and elongation occurs in flight in initial linear trajectory and continues at an increased rate after the onset of the so-called "whipping instability" (actually a consistent expanding helix) [123], thereby inhibiting the formation of a filament of discrete droplets while electro-sprayed particles are formed providing the solution concentration is low, the polymer jet is destabilized due to varicose instability and hence, fine particulates are formed.…”

“…This phenomenon is known Rayleigh-Plateau instability as characteristic of the electro-spraying process which is more commonly achieved with low-viscosity, low-molecular weight or lowconcentration polymer solutions [125]. In this context, if Rayleigh-Plateau instability [141] dominates the process and manifests varicose waves on the surface of an EHD jet, the jet breaks up to form highly charged fine particles/beads, dispersed in a radial fashion due to coulomb repulsion. In other word, electro-spray transits to electro-spinning when the viscoelasticity of the polymer solution partially or completely suppresses Rayleigh-Plateau instability resulting in necklace-like beaded fibers or long continuous fibers [129].…”

“…This technique is known as co-electro-spinning or coaxial electro-spinning. Compared to uniaxial electro-spun fibers and electro-sprayed particles, the coaxial electro-spun fibers and electro-sprayed particles obtain higher encapsulation efficiency [130], enhanced bioactive protection [141], controlled and tunable release of functional compounds and encapsulation of different compounds in the same structure allowing their release at different stages [153][154][155]. Torkamani et al [157] studied encapsulation of poly-phenolic antioxidants obtained from Momordica charantia fruit within zein/gelatin shell core fibers via coaxial electro-spinning.…”