“…One of the proposed mechanisms for CNT is a perturbation of the cell membrane and releasing its intracellular content [105]. For graphene-based nano carbons, their sharp edge, as well as their high hydrophobicity, can cause membrane distortion leading to the death of the micro-organism [128][129][130].…”
Air filtration has seen a sizable increase in the global market this past year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanofiber nonwoven mats are able to reach certain efficiencies with a low-pressure drop, have a very high surface area to volume ratio, filter out submicron particulates, and can customize the fiber material to better suit its purpose. Although electrospinning nonwoven mats have been very well studied and documented there are not many papers that combine them. This review touches on the various ways to manufacture nonwoven mats for use as an air filter, with an emphasis on electrospinning, the mechanisms by which the fibrous nonwoven air filter stops particles passing through, and ways that the nonwoven mats can be altered by morphology, structure, and material parameters. Metallic, ceramic, and organic nanoparticle coatings, as well as electrospinning solutions with these same materials and their properties and effects of air filtration, are explored.
“…One of the proposed mechanisms for CNT is a perturbation of the cell membrane and releasing its intracellular content [105]. For graphene-based nano carbons, their sharp edge, as well as their high hydrophobicity, can cause membrane distortion leading to the death of the micro-organism [128][129][130].…”
Air filtration has seen a sizable increase in the global market this past year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanofiber nonwoven mats are able to reach certain efficiencies with a low-pressure drop, have a very high surface area to volume ratio, filter out submicron particulates, and can customize the fiber material to better suit its purpose. Although electrospinning nonwoven mats have been very well studied and documented there are not many papers that combine them. This review touches on the various ways to manufacture nonwoven mats for use as an air filter, with an emphasis on electrospinning, the mechanisms by which the fibrous nonwoven air filter stops particles passing through, and ways that the nonwoven mats can be altered by morphology, structure, and material parameters. Metallic, ceramic, and organic nanoparticle coatings, as well as electrospinning solutions with these same materials and their properties and effects of air filtration, are explored.
“…After 100 h, the removal efficiency maintained 99.1%, which showed exceptional sorption ability and long-term stability. Particulate matter 2.5 Polyacrylonitrile and graphene oxide [ 54 ] The prepared air filter membrane exposed brilliant mechanical strength, significant thermal stability (300 °C), high (99.5%) filtration efficacy, and low (92 Pa) pressure drop. Particulate matter 2.5 Polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide/polyimide [ 55 ] Great self-sterilization performance Bacteria, microorganisms, and aerosols Laser-induced graphene [ 56 ] Resultant filter disclosed improved antimicrobial performance and protection Airborne pathogens Ultra-thin graphene oxide /polydopamine hybrid on polypropylene surface [ 57 ] 98.2% filtration efficiency SARS-CoV-2 Functionalized graphene [ 58 ] Improved filtration effectiveness and antimicrobial performance S. epidermidis and E. coli Ag-coated CNT nano-hybrid [ 59 ] Enhanced specific surface area, improved filtration efficiency by 0.64% and high air permeability Virus Multi-walled CNTs and phenol-formaldehyde in cellulose fibers [ 60 ] The prepared air filter showed 99.999% filtration efficiency, while low-pressure drop was maintained Virus CNT on porous polyester …”
Section: The Role Of Carbon-based Nanomaterials For Fabrication Of Ef...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By using a detector, the concentration difference of particles on both sides of the device was measured. Based on the outcomes, adsorption speed and filtration efficiency for polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide/polyimide were higher than polyacrylonitrile, and polyacrylonitrile/graphene oxide fibers [ 54 ]. Fig.…”
Section: The Role Of Carbon-based Nanomaterials For Fabrication Of Ef...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…C: (a) Schematic diagram of the equipment in the purification process and demonstration of the rigidity of the PAN/GO/PI nanofibrous membranes. (b,c) Demonstration of the flexibility of the PAN/GO/PI nanofibrous membranes (Reprinted with permission from [ 54 ], Copyright 2021 Elsevier). …”
Section: The Role Of Carbon-based Nanomaterials For Fabrication Of Ef...mentioning
“…Among various types of air filter, fibrous filters [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] are the most popular, usually formed by the random stacking of polymeric micro/nanofibers produced by melt-blowing or electrospinning. The large surface to volume ratio of the fibrous filters leads to high filtration efficiency with low-pressure drop.…”
Reusable, antibacterial, and photocatalytic isoporous through-hole air filtration membranes have been demonstrated based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods (NRs). High-temperature (300~375 °C) stability of thermoset-based isoporous through-hole membranes has enabled concurrent control of porosity and seed formation via high-temperature annealing of the membranes. The following hydrothermal growth has led to densely populated ZnO NRs on both the membrane surface and pore sidewall. Thanks to the nanofibrous shape of the grown ZnO NRs on the pore sidewall, the membrane filters have shown a high (>97%) filtration efficiency for PM2.5 with a rather low-pressure (~80 Pa) drop. The membrane filters could easily be cleaned and reused many times by simple spray cleaning with a water/ethanol mixture solution. Further, the grown ZnO NRs have also endowed excellent bactericidal performance for both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative S. enteritidis bacteria. Owing to the wide bandgap semiconductor nature of ZnO NRs, organic decomposition by photocatalytic activity under UV illumination has been successfully demonstrated. The reusable, multifunctional membrane filters can find wide applications in air filtration and purification.
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