Electrospinning of nanofibers

Subbiah, Thandavamoorthy; Bhat, Gajanan; Tock, Richard W.; Parameswaran, Siva; Ramkumar, S.

doi:10.1002/app.21481

Cited by 1,497 publications

(1,052 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A bio-inspired cell-scaffold interface must necessarily meet a variety of demanding and coupled requirements, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability of the materials, chemo-mechanical properties [8,9] and morphological characteristics [6,7], all at different length scales. Amongst the manufacturing techniques available at present, electrospinning allows the fabrication of distinctive scaffolds with nanoscale ''filaments" as in the ECM [10][11][12][13]. Electrospun scaffolds consist of 3D, non-woven, highly porous mats, resembling an intricate forest of fibers randomly overlaid on each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fibers are exceedingly long (km range) compared with their diameters (x), which usually follow a unimodal statistical distribution. The mean and spread of such distributions can be controlled and tweaked via process parameters over a wide range, from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The fiber diameter x is regarded as the prime controllable design parameter to steer scaffold performance in terms of cell response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tA novel (scalable) electrospinning process was developed to fabricate bio-inspired multiscale threedimensional scaffolds endowed with a controlled multimodal distribution of fiber diameters and geared towards soft tissue engineering. The resulting materials finely mingle nano-and microscale fibers together, rather than simply juxtaposing them, as is commonly found in the literature. A detailed proof of concept study was conducted on a simpler bimodal poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with modes of fiber distribution at 600 nm and 3.3 lm. Three conventional unimodal scaffolds with mean diameters of 300 nm and 2.6 and 5.2 lm, respectively, were used as controls to evaluate the new materials. Characterization of the microstructure (i.e. porosity, fiber distribution and pore structure) and mechanical properties (i.e. stiffness, strength and failure mode) indicated that the multimodal scaffold had superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus $40 MPa and strength $1 MPa) in comparison with the controls, despite the large porosity ($90% on average). A biological assessment was conducted with bone marrow stromal cell type (mesenchymal stem cells, mTERT-MSCs). While the new material compared favorably with the controls with respect to cell viability (on the outer surface), it outperformed them in terms of cell colonization within the scaffold. The latter result, which could neither be practically achieved in the controls nor expected based on current models of pore size distribution, demonstrated the greater openness of the pore structure of the bimodal material, which remarkably did not come at the expense of its mechanical properties. Furthermore, nanofibers were seen to form a nanoweb bridging across neighboring microfibers, which boosted cell motility and survival. Lastly, standard adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation tests served to demonstrate that the new scaffold did not hinder the multilineage potential of stem cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

et al. 2010

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“…Although the electrospinning (ES) is fast developing with appearance of tri-axial, coaxial, side-by-side and their combination processes [19][20][21][22] the most common and facile ES equipment is the single needle apparatus [23,24]. The single needle electrospinning (SNES) applies a syringe filled with a polymerdrug containing solution, which is then forced through a nozzle attached to high voltage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scaled-up preparation of drug-loaded electrospun polymer fibres and investigation of their continuous processing to tablet form

Szabó

Démuth

Nagy

et al. 2018

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Most of these studies address the possibility of using such nanofibers in filtering, biomedical, sensor and clothing applications [1][2][3][4]. Because of their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, the nanofibrous materials could also be efficient reinforcing materials in polymer matrix composites.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

Molnár¹,

Ko²,

Mészáros³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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The relatively easy production of polymer nanofibers by electrospinning has been the subject of many application-oriented investigations over the past few years. Most of these studies address the possibility of using such nanofibers in filtering, biomedical, sensor and clothing applications [1][2][3][4]. Because of their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, the nanofibrous materials could also be efficient reinforcing materials in polymer matrix composites. In these systems, the nanofibers can even act as the primary reinforcement (the nanofibers are the only reinforcing materials) as well as co-reinforcement (in addition to microfibers) [5]. From a mechanical properties point of view, the main problem associated with common fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates is their weak interlaminar properties. Due to a geometry that is not absolutely planar, much free space occurs between layers of the reinforcing structures, which are filled up by the matrix material during impregnation. Thus, between the layers, the properties are determined mainly by the matrix and voids. The loads induced by shear-or out-of-plane stresses must be borne by this relatively weak matrix, 62The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates Abstract. The effect of polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous interlaminar layers on the impact properties of unidirectional and woven carbon fabric (CF)-reinforced epoxy (EP) matrix composites was investigated. The nanofibers were produced directly on the surface of carbon fabrics by a needleless electrospinning method, and composites were then prepared by vacuum-assisted impregnation. Interlaminar shear stress tests, three-point bending, Charpy-impact and instrumented falling weight tests were carried out. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Due to the nano-sized reinforcements, the interlaminar shear strength of the woven and unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites was enhanced by 7 and 11%, respectively. In the case of the falling weight impact tests carried out on woven reinforced composites, the nanofibers increased the absorbed energy to maximum force by 64% compared to that measured for the neat composite. The Charpy impact tests indicated that the nanofiber interleaves also led to a significant increase in the initiation and total break energies. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the presence of nanofibers can effectively increase the impact properties of composites without compromising their in-plane properties because the thickness of the composites was not altered by the presence of interleaves. The improvement of the impact properties can be explained by the good load distribution behavior of the nanofibers.

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Electrospinning of nanofibers

Cited by 1,497 publications

References 52 publications

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

Multiscale three-dimensional scaffolds for soft tissue engineering via multimodal electrospinning

Scaled-up preparation of drug-loaded electrospun polymer fibres and investigation of their continuous processing to tablet form

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

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