Electrorheology and characterization of acrylic rubber and lead titanate composite materials

Abstract

Oxide one-pot synthesis was used to synthesize a polymer precursor to lead titanate, PbTiO 3 . Perovskite lead titanate, PbTiO 3 , was synthesized via the sol-gel process. The dielectric constant, electrical conductivity and loss tangent of our acrylic rubber (AR71)-lead titanate (PT) composite material (AR/PT 8) were 14.15, 2.62 × 10 −7 / m, and 0.093, respectively, measured at 27• C and 1000 Hz. SEM micrographs of composites between the AR71 elastomer and PbTiO 3 showed that the particles were reinforced within the matrix. The electrorheological properties of the AR71/PT composites were investigated as functions of electric field strength from 0 to 2 kV/mm and PbTiO 3 particle volume fraction. The storage modulus increased linearly with particle volume fraction, with or without an electric field. Without an electric field, the particles merely acted as a filler to absorb or store additional stress. With the electric field on, particle-induced dipole moments were generated, leading to interparticle interactions, and thus a substantial increase in storage modulus. With PbTiO 3 particle volume fractions as small as 10 −4 embedded in the elastomer matrix, the modulus increased by nearly a factor of 2 as the electric field strength varied from 0 to 2 kV/mm.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer based nanocomposites with enhanced energy density by filling with polyacrylate elastomers and BaTiO3 nanoparticles

“…Second, the polyacrylate elastomers show large elastic deformation with the electric field increasing. 24 Then the volume of the assumed particles is greatly enlarged (Fig. 4(b)).…”

“…Meanwhile, the loss tangent increases especially during 10 2 Hz-10 5 Hz, due to the higher dielectric loss of the polyacrylate elastomers and introduced residual ions. 24 At 10 2 Hz, the loss tangent is 0.047, 0.058, 0.059, 0.066, and 0.069 for the nanocomposites with 0 vol. %, 1 vol.…”

“…The dc conductivity of the nanocomposites increases abruptly as the volume fraction of the polyacrylate elastomers increases, which should be attributed to the increasing residual ions introduced by the polyacrylate elastomers. 24 The dc conductivity of the nanocomposite with 3 vol. % polyacrylate elastomers is 7.0 Â 10 À12 S/m.…”

An Overview of Durability Evaluations of Elastomer-Based Magnetorheological Materials

“…On the other hand, rubber and elastomer tremendously covered in almost every aspect of the section. Meanwhile, ERE materials indicate the most few progressed [53]- [56]. Durability under dynamic mechanical behavior of ERE material was conducted by Hao et al [57] with two types of electric elastomers were prepared and the elastic modulus were tested with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) with the round disk compression clamp.…”

Lead zirconate (PbZrO3) embedded in natural rubber as electroactive elastomer composites

“…The production process of pure perovskite lead zirconate (PbZrO 3 Þ was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel process. [13][14][15] Lead glycolate and sodium tris (glycozirconate) were used as the starting precursors. The obtained molar ratio (Pb:Zr) of PbZrO 3 was 0.9805:1 and in the orthorhombic form when the lead zirconate powder was calcined at 300 C for 1 h, a temperature close to the Curie temperature (T C Þ.…”