Electrorheological fluids: smart soft matter and characteristics

Abstract

An electrorheological fluid, a special type of suspension with controllable fluidity by an electric field, generally contains semiconducting or polarizable materials as electro-responsive parts. These materials align in the direction of the applied electric field to generate a solid-like phase in the suspension. These electro-responsive smart materials, including dielectric inorganics, semiconducting polymers and their hybrids, and polymer/inorganic composites, are reviewed in terms of their mechanism, rheological analysis and dielectric characteristics.

Electrorheological performances of poly(o-toluidine) and p-toluenesulfonic acid doped poly(o-toluidine) suspensions

“…These novel properties have made ER fluids the most important intelligent/smart materials for they can be served as the electric-mechanical interface to fulfill the conversion of electric to force. Thus, ER fluids have been shown to have various potential applications in medical, aerospace, automotive, microfluidics, and many other industries [3,4].…”

“…Among various conjugated polymers ER materials, PANI has attracted significant attentions due to simple preparation, conductivity adjustable by simply doped and dedoped process, and good thermal and environmental stability [4][5][6].…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Sulfonate‐containing Polystyrene/CaCO3 Core‐shell Nanoparticles

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Since organic-inorganic core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) often exhibit improved physical and chemical properties over the single organic or inorganic component, and can be utilized in broad areas of coatings, electronics, catalysis and diagnostics, the fabrication of organic-inorganic composite particles with core-shell structure has attracted high attentions of many researchers over the past decades in both fundamental researches [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and industrial applications. [16][17][18] Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) powder has been widely used as fillers in plastic, rubber, adhesive and coating industries to improve the mechanical properties and decrease the product cost. [19][20][21] The simplest way to prepare this composite is to blend polymer with CaCO 3 , but the reinforcing phenomena are barely seen, which is mostly attributed to poor compatibility and interaction between CaCO 3 filler and matrix polymer.…”

Acetylacetone stimulus effect on electrorheological properties of TiO2 aggregated nanoparticles

“…Several authors have shown that the ER response decreases with the increasing frequency of the electric field beyond a frequency of 100 Hz [3]. Other workers have studied the effects of additives such as water, urea, or other polar molecules [4][5][6][7][8][9] on performance of an ER fluid. These studies have shown that these additives improve the ER response of ER fluids in terms of shear stress or elastic modulus.…”