Electroretinography in seasonal affective disorder

Lam, Raymond W.; Beattie, Craig W.; Buchanan, Alan; Mador, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(92)90141-o

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Though no change of the rod amplitude has been found during winter depression (but rather a shift of rod retinal sensitivity to a lower level; see Hébert et al, 2004;Lam et al, 1992), it has been not ruled out that glucose or carbohydrates may improve depression additionally via a change of retinal functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Timed Nutrient Diet on Depression and Light Sensitivity in Seasonal Affective Disorder

Danilenko

Plisov

Hébert

et al. 2008

Chronobiology International

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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) patients crave and eat more carbohydrates (CHO) in fall-winter when depressed, especially in the evenings, and feel energetic thereafter. Evening CHO-rich meals can phase delay circadian rhythms, and glucose increases retinal response to light. We studied timed CHO- or protein-rich (PROT) diet as a putative therapy for SAD. Unmedicated, DSM-IV-diagnosed depressed women with SAD (n=22, 19-63 yrs) in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (present in 19) were randomized to nine days of eating approximately 1600 kcal of either CHO before 12:00 h (n=9), CHO after 18:00 h (n=6), or PROT after 18:00 h (n=7); only water was allowed for the rest of the day. Measurements included the depression questionnaire SIGH-SAD (with 21-item Hamilton depression subscale), Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), percentage fat (by bioimpedancemetry), clinical biochemistry (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, TSH, T4, cortisol), and electroretinogram (ERG). No differential effects of diet were found on any of the studied parameters (except DEBQ). Clinically, participants improved slightly; the 21-HDRS score (mean+/-SD) decreased from 19.6+/-6.4 to 14.4+/-7.4 (p=.004). Percent change correlated significantly with menstrual day at diet onset (mood improved the first week after menstruation onset), change in available sunshine (more sunlight, better mood), and initial percentage fat (fatter patients improved more). Scotopic ERG amplitude was diminished after treatment (p=.025, three groups combined), probably due to greater exposure to sunshine in 14/22 subjects (partial correlation analysis significant). Keeping in mind the limitations of this ambulatory study (i.e., inability to control outdoor light exposure, small number of participants, and briefness of intervention), it is suggested that the 25% clinical improvement (of the order of magnitude of placebo) is not related to nutrient diet or its timing, but rather to natural changes during the menstrual cycle, available sunshine, and ease of dieting for fatter patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Timed Nutrient Diet on Depression and Light Sensitivity in Seasonal Affective Disorder

Danilenko

Plisov

Hébert

et al. 2008

Chronobiology International

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“…38 It has been shown that lithium can decrease ERG amplitude and that these effects are related to inhibition of transducin, 16 similar to the inhibition of G s and G i proteins reported previously. 9,10 Indeed, ERG measurements have been conducted in SAD, indicating either subtle retinal changes in flash ERG 39 or no changes in pattern ERG 40 in depressed patients with SAD. The findings in this study of reduced MNL G protein levels in depressed patients with SAD may explain the reported subsensitivity to light in depressed patients with SAD 41,42 by conjecturing reduced levels of transducin (G t ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Seasons and Light Therapy on G Protein Levels in Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients With Seasonal Affective Disorder

Avissar¹,

Schreiber²,

Nechamkin³

et al. 1999

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Background: Information-transducing heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated previously in the mechanism of action of mood stabilizers and in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Mononuclear leukocytes of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression have been characterized by reduced measures of the stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins. In this study, patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) were measured for mononuclear leukocyte G protein levels while depressed during the winter, following light therapy, and in remission during the summer.

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“…A balance between GABA, DA and MT exists all over the CNS [43-47] as demonstrated by Electroretinographic (ERG) studies both in health volunteers [48] and in course of SAD [49]. Agomelatine’ “emotional blunting”, due to DA direct antagonism, should therefore be hypothesized.…”

Section: Pharmacodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic, Updated Review on the Antidepressant Agomelatine Focusing on its Melatonergic Modulation

Fornaro

Prestía²,

Colicchio³

et al. 2010

102

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Objective:To present an updated, comprehensive review on clinical and pre-clinical studies on agomelatine.Method:A MEDLINE, Psycinfo and Web of Science search (1966-May 2009) was performed using the following keywords: agomelatine, melatonin, S20098, efficacy, safety, adverse effect, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), Alzheimer, ADHD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder (PD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders and mood disorder.Study collection and data extraction:All articles in English identified by the data sources were evaluated. Randomized, controlled clinical trials involving humans were prioritized in the review. The physiological bases of melatonergic transmission were also examined to deepen the clinical comprehension of agomelatine’ melatonergic modulation.Data synthesis:Agomelatine, a melatonergic analogue drug acting as MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist, has been reported to be an effective antidepressant therapy.Conclusions:Although a bias in properly assessing the “sleep core” of depression may still exist with current screening instruments, therefore making difficult to compare agomelatine’ efficacy to other antidepressant ones, comparative studies showed agomelatine to be an intriguing option for depression and, potentially, for other therapeutic targets as well.

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Electroretinography in seasonal affective disorder

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Timed Nutrient Diet on Depression and Light Sensitivity in Seasonal Affective Disorder

Influence of Timed Nutrient Diet on Depression and Light Sensitivity in Seasonal Affective Disorder

The Effects of Seasons and Light Therapy on G Protein Levels in Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients With Seasonal Affective Disorder

A Systematic, Updated Review on the Antidepressant Agomelatine Focusing on its Melatonergic Modulation

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