Electroreduction of Salicylic Acid, Acetylsalicylic Acid and Pharmaceutical Products Containing these Compounds

Wudarska, Edyta; Chrześcijańska, Ewa; Kuśmierek, Elżbieta

doi:10.4152/pea.201404295

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The value of the determination coefficient R² = 0.998 close to 1 shows the good linearity of the increase of IOX oxidation peak current density j P with the IOX concentration. This linearity also shows that BDD can be used for a quantitative determination of IOX [20].…”

Section: ; (B) Plot Of Current Density Of the Iox Oxidation Peak Vers...mentioning

confidence: 60%

Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Jocelin

Ollo²,

Sylvestre

et al. 2021

IRJPAC

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This study investigated the electrochemical behavior of iohexol in its commercial formulation omnipaque on a boron-doped diamond electrode using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The dependence of the anodic peak current density vs. iohexol concentration is linear and can be applied to the determination of the substrate concentration in environmental samples and pharmaceuticals. The iohexol electrooxidation on boron-doped diamond electrode is diffusion-controlled process and proceed via two ways: a direct electron transfers at the surface of boron-doped diamond electrode and an indirect oxidation mediated by in situ oxidative species. The iohexol electrooxidation in pH range from 2 to 6 includes exchange of 4 electrons and 1 proton, at pH superior to 6 it includes an exchanged of 2 electrons and 1 proton. The values of activation energy, anodic transfer coefficient, heterogenous rate constant, diffusion coefficient and the catalytic rate constant were 14.164 kJ mol-1, 0.428, 1.06 s-1, 4.47 cm2 s-1 and 3.61 M-1 s-1 respectively. It appears from those results that, on our electrode, for the high potential scan rates, few actives sites mainly those located at the electrode surface are involved in the iohexol oxidation process. As the potential scan rate decreases, more actives sites are involved in the process.

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Section: ; (B) Plot Of Current Density Of the Iox Oxidation Peak Vers...mentioning

confidence: 60%

Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Jocelin

Ollo²,

Sylvestre

et al. 2021

IRJPAC

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“…Model results provided rate constants that are used to assess the importance of different oxidation processes contributing to the degradation of SA. In addition, CV on BDD electrodes for SA are reported and add valuable information on the electroactive behavior of SA, which has been previously reported for different electrode materials and electrochemical reduction by [18,19], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The oxidation pathway of SA via DET is also included in this study as only a few studies investigated the DET of SA. Torriero et al [18], used cyclic voltammetry (CV) to demonstrate irreversible DET of SA on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and Wudarska et al [19] reported on the electro-reduction behavior of SA and acetylsalicylic acid during CV using a Pt electrode…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Kinetics of Intermediate Formation during Electrochemical Oxidation of the Organic Model Pollutant Salicylic Acid in Chloride Electrolyte

Ambauen

Muff

Lan

et al. 2019

Water

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The present study investigated the kinetics and formation of hydroxylated and chlorinated intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of salicylic acid (SA). A chloride (NaCl) and sulfate (Na2SO4) electrolyte were used, along with two different anode materials, boron doped diamond (BDD) and platinum (Pt). Bulk electrolysis of SA confirmed the formation of both hydroxylated and chlorinated intermediates. In line with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed in this study, 2,5- and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3- and 5- chlorosalicylic acid and 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid were the dominating products. In the presence of a chloride electrolyte, the formation of chlorinated intermediates was the predominant oxidation mechanism on both BDD and Pt anodes. In the absence of a chloride electrolyte, hydroxylated intermediates prevailed on the Pt anode and suggested the formation of sulfonated SA intermediates on the BDD anode. Furthermore, direct oxidation at the anode surface only played a subordinate role. First order kinetic models successfully described the degradation of SA and the formation of the observed intermediates. Rate constants provided by the model showed that chlorination of SA can take place at up to more than 60 times faster rates than hydroxylation. In conclusion, the formation of chlorinated intermediates during electrochemical oxidation of the organic model pollutant SA is confirmed and found to be dominant in chloride containing waters.

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“…The scenario is attributed to the high oxidation potential of existing NSAIDs, which cannot be achieved through biodegradation [36]. Of all the NSAIDs, Wudarska et al [37] contend that acetylsalicylic acid and its derivatives salicylic and acetylsalicylic acid pose a high interest in toxicity study, especially through electrochemical methods. They contended that the quasireversible relationship and level of electrochemical oxidation of acetylsalicylic acid's subcomponent makes it convenient enough to analyze since the oxidation part is irreversible.…”

Section: Current Approaches In Electrochemical Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Electrochemical Oxidation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Conventional Approaches and Conditions

Chang

Huang²,

2022

Preprint

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Improper disposal of pharmaceutical wastes, coupled with low pollutant removal efficiency at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), has created a disastrous ecological issue. Ecotoxicity reviews have consolidated that low concentrations of pharmaceutical pollutants, specifically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, impose significant toxicological risks on the aquatic ecosystem. Research solutions have shifted towards electrochemical oxidation for its environmental-friendly, precise, and flexible reduction characteristics over non-electrochemical technologies. However, there isn't significant literature dedicated to finding the conditions for small-scale pretreatment, leaving the environment between the pollutant source and WWTPs at risk. This research explores the optimal conditions to pretreat pharmaceutical wastewater using electrochemical oxidation on a small-scale. A conventional approach, utilizing accessible materials and simple procedures, was selected to ease the implementation of pretreatment outside of WWTPs. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed to identify the concentration changes through absorbance for reagents. Manipulated variables of temperature, pH level, scale, and electrode metal type were analyzed individually per solution and in combination to produce the overall effect. F-Test and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were employed to derive the maximum electrochemical oxidation ability for different variables. Results indicate that at the 95% confidence level, temperatures below 25˚C, pH levels below 4, larger scale, and higher reactivity metal plates produce the highest electrochemical oxidation magnitude. Overall analysis comparing the combined optimal conditions with the control group yielded an approximately 50% greater concentration reduction magnitude. Future directions include the implementation of electrochemical oxidation as a pretreatment appliance in the household using our optimal conditions and exploring other manipulative variables to increase the flexibility and efficiency of such devices.

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Electroreduction of Salicylic Acid, Acetylsalicylic Acid and Pharmaceutical Products Containing these Compounds

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Insights into the Kinetics of Intermediate Formation during Electrochemical Oxidation of the Organic Model Pollutant Salicylic Acid in Chloride Electrolyte

Small-Scale Electrochemical Oxidation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Conventional Approaches and Conditions

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