Electroreduction of neodymium and praseodymium ions in equimolar KCl-NaCl and eutectic KCl-NaCl-CsCl melts at a tungsten electrode

Кушхов, Х. Б.; Chuksin, S. I.; Zhanikaeva, Z. A.

doi:10.1134/s0036029513080077

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We previously studied the electroreduction of the Nd 3+ and Dy 3+ ions in the KCl-NaCl melt on the active electrode materials (Ag, Pt, and GC) using DyCl 3 and NdCl 3 obtained via dewatering of NdCl 3 ·6H 2 O and DyCl 3 ·6H 2 O by dehydrating agents NH 4 Cl and CCl 4 [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Experimental conditions and purity of the used reagents as well as the material of the electrode have a great impact on the structure, state, and electrochemical behavior of the Nd 3+ and Dy 3+ ions in chloride melts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

et al. 2021

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The present paper is devoted to the study of the processes of the mechanism of electrochemical coreduction of Dy3+ and Nd3+ ions with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ ions in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 973 K and characterization of the synthesized samples. The performed voltammetry analysis of the electrochemical coreduction processes elucidated a significant difference in the values of the extraction potentials of the studied metals. This melt testifies that intermetallic compounds of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe may be synthesized in the kinetic regime. The intermetallic phases of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe are found to be formed along with the phases of metallic Ni, Co, and Fe either during electrolysis at the cathode current densities exceeding the limiting diffusion current of Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ ions or in the potentiostatic regime at the potentials of the corresponding voltammetry curves. Therefore, the following interrelated key parameters affecting the electrochemical synthesis of Dy and Nd intermetallic compounds with Ni, Co, and Fe were determined: (i) composition of the electrolyte, i.e., concentrations of FeCl3, CoCl2, NiCl2, DyCl3, and NdCl3; (ii) cathode current density or electrolysis potential and (iii) electrolysis time. The obtained samples were characterized by micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

et al. 2021

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“…In literature, there is no point of view on the mechanism of cathodic reduction of the rare-earth metal. Authors of works [4][5][6] assumed that the discharge mechanism is single-stage: Ln 3+ +3e→Ln. In papers [7,8] researchers point out that reduction mechanism is two-stage: Ln 3+ +e→Ln 2+ ; Ln 2+ +2e→Ln.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In papers [7,8] researchers point out that reduction mechanism is two-stage: Ln 3+ +e→Ln 2+ ; Ln 2+ +2e→Ln. It is known that rare-earth elements in chloride melt form complexes with structure LnCl 6 3-, LnCl 4and LnCl 4 2-. The aim of this work is a complex study on the cathodic reduction process of terbium and holmium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reducing of Terbium and Holmium Ions in the Sodium and Potassium Chlorides Melt With Equimolar Composition

Кovalenko

Chernova

Kotok

et al. 2019

EUREKA: Physics and Engineering

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Interest to rare-earth metals (REM) and their alloys is due to the possibility of using them for the creation of new materials need for modern technology. For instance, REM as alloying components allows for preparation of material with special magnetic properties. A promising method for forming such coating is the surface treatment of metals. This process has an electrochemical character as such for the organization of technology the knowledge of kinetics and mechanism of these processes is important. Despite significant interest in rare-earth metals, these issues are not well described in the literature. In order to choose an adequate mathematical model for calculation of kinetic primers, preliminary experiments that allow evaluating the reversibility of the electrode process have been conducted. Based on that, it was concluded that cathodic reduction of terbium and holmium ions in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt is irreversible. By means of voltammetric analysis, kinetic parameters (transfer coefficients, heterogeneous constants of charge transfer rate) of terbium and holmium electroreduction in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt were determined. The experiment was conducted in a three-electrode cell under a purified argon atmosphere. A dependency of kinetic parameters on the concentration of terbium and holmium chlorides wt (%): 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, was determined. The experiment was conducted in 1073–1173K temperature range. Values of kinetic parameters increase with temperature but decrease with the increase of REM chloride. Based on obtained data, it was found that electroreduction of chloride complexes LnCl63– (Ln–Tb, Ho) in equimolar NaCl-KCl melt is irreversible in the studied range of temperatures and REM concentrations. In summary of experimental data, in range of temperature and rare-earth chloride concentration, and assumption was made that reduction of terbium and holmium ions occurs in two stages. The process includes the preceding stage of complex dissociation. A mechanism of LnCl63– complex reduction in the mentioned melt is proposed. The obtained results are in agreement with literate data for analogues systems.

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“…The CsCl-KCl-NaCl system is quite in demand, and there is a significant number of studies related to the electroreduction of metals from molten electrolytes based on the CsCl-KCl-NaCl system. − However, data related to the physicochemical properties of these melts are almost absent. Specifically, information regarding the electrical conductivity, in particular, the electrical conductivity of the CsCl-KCl-NaCl-ReCl 4 melts, has not been found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquidus Temperature and Electrical Conductivity of Molten Eutectic CsCl-NaCl-KCl Containing ReCl₄

et al. 2019

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The liquidus temperatures and electrical conductivity of the (CsCl-NaCl-KCl) eut -ReCl 4 melts, feasible for Re production, were studied by thermal analysis and impedance spectroscopy. A part of the quasi-binary phase diagram for [CsCl-KCl-NaCl] eut -ReCl 4 in the ReCl 4 concertation range of 0−7.61 mol % was compiled on the basis of obtained thermal analysis data. ReCl 4 is most likely to dissolve in molten eutectic CsCl-KCl-NaCl with the formation of the ReCl 6 2− ions. Compound Cs 2 ReCl 6 was identified in the frozen samples by XRD analysis. The electrical conductivity of molten mixture (CsCl-KCl-NaCl) eut .-ReCl 4 , measured in the cell with the coaxial glassy carbon electrodes, was found to decrease with increasing ReCl 4 content.

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Electroreduction of neodymium and praseodymium ions in equimolar KCl-NaCl and eutectic KCl-NaCl-CsCl melts at a tungsten electrode

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

Electrochemical Reducing of Terbium and Holmium Ions in the Sodium and Potassium Chlorides Melt With Equimolar Composition

Liquidus Temperature and Electrical Conductivity of Molten Eutectic CsCl-NaCl-KCl Containing ReCl₄

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Electroreduction of neodymium and praseodymium ions in equimolar KCl-NaCl and eutectic KCl-NaCl-CsCl melts at a tungsten electrode

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

Electrochemical Reducing of Terbium and Holmium Ions in the Sodium and Potassium Chlorides Melt With Equimolar Composition

Liquidus Temperature and Electrical Conductivity of Molten Eutectic CsCl-NaCl-KCl Containing ReCl4

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Liquidus Temperature and Electrical Conductivity of Molten Eutectic CsCl-NaCl-KCl Containing ReCl₄