Abstract:In this chapter, basics and mechanisms of electroporation are presented. Most important electric pulse parameters for electroporation efficiency for different applications that involve introduction of small molecules and macromolecules into the cell or cell membrane electrofusion are described. In all these applications, cell viability has to be preserved. However, in some biotechnological applications, such as liquid food sterilization or water treatment, electroporation is used as a method for efficient cell… Show more
“…The last phase, which takes place after electric pulse application, consist of pores resealing and lasts seconds to hours. Molecular transport across the permeabilized cell membrane associated with electroporation is observed from the pore formation phase until membrane resealing is completed (Kandušer and Miklavčič, 2008). Therefore, in PEF treatment of biological membranes, the induction and development of the pores is a dynamic and not an instantaneous process (Angersbach et al, 2002).…”
“…The last phase, which takes place after electric pulse application, consist of pores resealing and lasts seconds to hours. Molecular transport across the permeabilized cell membrane associated with electroporation is observed from the pore formation phase until membrane resealing is completed (Kandušer and Miklavčič, 2008). Therefore, in PEF treatment of biological membranes, the induction and development of the pores is a dynamic and not an instantaneous process (Angersbach et al, 2002).…”
“…With these so-called "electropores", for a moment, the cell membrane becomes highly permeable to exogenous substances in the surrounding media [9,10]. Although electroporation is a powerful delivery technique for many molecules [13,23], silver nanoparticles are not so easy to be delivered into living cells, because, on one hand, electroporation efficiency is influenced by many factors, such as voltage, pulse width, cell condition, operation temperature, serum concentration in electrical buffer [10][11][12]15] and on the other hand, silver nanoparticles have shown bad biocompatibility with living cells [2,24]. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the optimal electroporation parameters for obtaining the greatest delivery efficiency and at the same time ensuring cell viability.…”
Abstract. Electroporation assisted metallic nanoparticle delivery has been shown by our previous work to significantly reduce the time of sample preparation for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements of biological cells. In this paper, we report our experimental work to optimize the electroporation parameters, including adjustment of the pulse pattern, operation temperature, and electroporation buffer, for fastest delivery of silver nanoparticles into living C666 cells (a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line). The delivery efficiency was evaluated by the integrated intensity of whole cell SERS spectrum. Our work concluded that the silver nanoparticle delivery rate is best under the electroporation condition of using 4 consecutive 350 V (875 V/cm) rectangular electric pulses of 1, 10, 10 and 1 ms durations, respectively. Low temperature (0-4• C) is necessary for keeping cell viability during the electroporation process and it also improves the delivery efficiency of silver nanoparticles. The serum in the buffer has no obvious effect on the delivery efficiency.
“…This method can be applied to many different types of human, animal or plant cells and tissues for different biomedical or biotechnological applications. In medicine this method is used in clinical electrochemotherapy of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors and in non-viral gene electrotransfer for gene therapy and new medical applications are emerging at an increasing rate [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The electroporation pulse parameters can also be designed so as to trigger electrofusion of cells with electroporated membranes in fusogenic state. [2] The key role in electroporation effectiveness plays the local electric field distribution, which can be directly modified by electric pulses and electrodes [3]. Thus, for controlled use of the method in each particular electroporation mediated application the pulse parameters and electrodes need to be specifically optimized.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on simple graphical illustrations we demonstrated the influence of each of the pulse parameters, such as pulse amplitude, pulse number and duration, on electroporation of cells with different sizes, shapes and orientations with respect to the applied electric field. By using 3D animation we visualized the aqueous pore formation in cell membrane, which is most widely accepted model, among different theoretical models that describe cell membrane electroporation [2].…”
Abstract. Electroporation is an electrical increase in cell membrane permeability by means of local delivery of short and sufficiently intense voltage pulses to the target cells or tissues for biomedical and biotechnological purposes. Electroporation is used as an effective technique for delivery of variety of therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs, DNA or other molecules, which in normal conditions do not cross cell membrane, into many different cells either in vitro or in vivo. Electroporation is used in clinical electrochemotherapy of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors, in non-viral gene electrotransfer for gene therapy and DNA vaccination purposes, in transdermal drug delivery and new medical applications are emerging at an increasing rate. In this paper we present a web-based e-learning application which was developed in order to collect, organize and provide the knowledge and experience about cell and tissue electroporation as well as about its medical applications. The e-learning application is based on HTML, JavaScript, ASP and Macromedia Flash technologies and integrated into an interactive e-learning environment (ECHO) developed at our institution. The E-CHO enables authentication of users, statistical analysis, network traffic measurement, support for video streaming, as well as the use of various types of communications among users, such as forums, e-mail correspondence and videoconferencing.
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