Electropolymerization reaction-driven 2,6-naphthalenediamine monomers to a multilayered sheet structure for ultralong cycling aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Organic materials are attractive for energy storage due to the stable structure and environmentally friendly sustainability. In this work, the 2,6-naphthalenediamine (2,6-NAPD) monomer was first used as cathode material in...

One-Pot Electrochemical Deposition of Polyaniline-MnO2 Hybrids on Carbon Cloth as Binder-Free Cathode for Flexible Zinc Ion Batteries

“…The capacitance contribution ratios at different sweep rates are calculated (Figure d), from which it can be seen that the process is mainly diffusion-controlled at a low sweep rate, while the capacitive effect (71.40% at 10 mV s –1 ) tends to be dominant at high sweep rates. The above analyses verified that the pseudocapacitive behavior is advantageous for rapid ion transport, confirming the excellent reaction kinetics of the PANI-MnO 2 /CC//Zn cell. , …”

“…The above analyses verified that the pseudocapacitive behavior is advantageous for rapid ion transport, confirming the excellent reaction kinetics of the PANI-MnO 2 /CC//Zn cell. 48,49 The energy storage mechanism of the PANI-MnO 2 /CC// Zn cell was explored by ex situ XRD and SEM tests on the PANI-MnO 2 /CC electrodes under different charging and discharging stages, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8a demonstrates the GCD curves of the cell during the first discharge, first charge, and second discharge, and Figure 8b gives the XRD curves corresponding to the three stages.…”

Simple Fabrication of Ti3C2/MnO2 Composites as Cathode Material for High Capacity and Long Cycle Lifespan Zn‐ion Batteries

“…In the high‐frequency region, the diameter of the semicircular arc corresponds to the charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) of the electrode material, which is a crucial parameter in determining the electrochemical properties of the electrode under test. [ 32–34 ] It shows that the semicircle for the Ti 3 C 2 /MnO 2 cathode has a much smaller diameter, illustrating the significant lower R ct value (7.02 Ω) than that of the pure MnO 2 cathode (29.13 Ω), confirming that the Ti 3 C 2 scaffold is beneficial to increasing the conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 /MnO 2 cathode. [ 35–39 ] In the low‐frequency region, the inclined line of the Ti 3 C 2 /MnO 2 cathode spectrum also exhibits a large slope, indicating the effective ion transport/entry for promoting electro catalytic kinetics, which may arise from the abundant surface electron mobility provided by loosely aggregated nano‐MnO 2 .…”

Recent Progress of the Application of Electropolymerization in Batteries and Supercapacitors: Specific Design of Functions in Electrodes

“…Homogeneously distributed spherical particles Aqueous ZIBs 129 mAh g À 1 at 0.05 Ag À 1 ; after 1000 cycles at 5 Ag À 1 , a retention of approximately 100 % [37] 2,6-naphthalenediamine Irregular particles Aqueous ZIBs 133.1 mAh g À 1 at 0.05 Ag À 1 ; after 8000 cycles at 1 A g À 1 , 44.6 mAh g À 1 remained [49] Pyrrole Prominent horn shape Pseudocapacitors 918.74 mF cm À 2 at 0.4 mA cm À 2 ; after 10000 cycles, the retention reached 95.3 % [41] 5-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid Particle-like structure Pseudocapacitors 85.5 mAh g À 1 at 1 Ag À 1 ; 88 % capacitance retention after 10000 cycles at 5 A g À 1 [52] sized how to select solvents and substrates. Improving the conductivity of substrates and solvents, enhancing substrate affinity, and adding additives to the solvent can improve the efficiency and quality of electropolymerization.…”

“…Finally, dimer free radicals grow gradually and form a long polymer chain. Similarly, Xie et al [49] used 2,6-naphthalenediamine (2,6-NAPD) monomers as the electrode material for ZIBs, which demonstrated a specific capacity of 133.1 mA h g À 1 at 0.05 A g À 1 and exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 76.5 % of its initial capacity after 8000 cycles. The authors also proposed a possible electro-polymerization pathway for 2,6-NAPD monomers.…”