Electropolymerization of 9-Carbazole Acetic Acid in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Acetonitrile Mixture: Morphology, Capacitance, and Mott–Schottky Analysis

Abstract

In this study, the electrochemical polymerization of 9-carbazole acetic acid (CzA) monomer was synthesized in various feed ratios of room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4) in acetonitrile (ACN) to investigate the effect of RTIL on morphology, impedance, capacitance, and semiconducting properties. It was observed that the low amounts of the RTIL (10 and 20%) in the mixture improve the electrochemical polymerization process compared to the RTIL-free electrolyte. Indeed, after a certain amount % BMIMBF4 which was threshold (40%), the process turned strongly unfavored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the influence of the feed ratio of BMIMBF4 to ACN on the surface structure of obtained polymer films. The surface morphology of PCzA revealed dependence on the feed ratio of BMIMBF4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) experiments were performed in a pure BMIMBF4 (100%) indicated that as the feed ratio of BMIMBF4 increased, the capacitive behavior of the polymer decreased. From the Mott–Schottky analysis, the highest flatband potential (EFB = 2.87 V) was obtained for the 40% PCzA-BMIMBF4 film.

Experimental and theoretical study on hydrogen production by using Ag nanoparticle‐decorated graphite/Ni cathode

“…The j is equal to j 2 = −1, and ω = 2πf is the angular frequency. For n = 0, 0.5, and 1, the Y 0 describes an ideal resistor, homogeneous semi‐infinite diffusion, and an ideal capacitor ( Y 0 = C ), respectively 81,82 . As the catalytic effect increases, a decrease in CPE values is expected due to most likely partial blocking of electrochemically active electrode surface by freshly formed hydrogen bubbles 83 .…”

“…For n = 0, 0.5, and 1, the Y 0 describes an ideal resistor, homogeneous semiinfinite diffusion, and an ideal capacitor (Y 0 = C), respectively. 81,82 As the catalytic effect increases, a decrease in CPE values is expected due to most likely partial blocking of electrochemically active electrode surface by freshly formed hydrogen bubbles. 83 When we compared the CPE1 values with each other, it is seen that the CPE1 values obtained at all potentials for the G/Ni/Ag were lower than that for the G/Ni electrode and the values decreased with increasing cathodic potential.…”

Effect of supporting electrolyte on capacitance and morphology of electrodeposited poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivatives bearing reactive functional groups

“…Whereas for n = 0.5, it describes the homogeneous semi-infinite diffusion. 118 As seen from Table S1 anion has faster kinetics and larger charge capacity than a film doped with ClO 4 − anion, and also a PPy film prepared in LiPF 6 / PC presents rougher surface morphology than a PPy film prepared in LiClO 4 /PC. 119 The charge transfer resistance at the polymer-electrolyte interface generated in the NaClO 4 electrolyte is highest for the PProDOT coating, related to the conductivity of coated polymer film that depends on the dopant anion used for the electropolymerization.…”

Solvent dielectric effect on electrochemical properties of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene

“…The linear dependence of the peak current with the scan rate for Poly(ProDOT) coated SCFME in monomer-free solution indicates that redox reaction is primarily dependent on the adsorption of molecules. Note that for the diffusion limited redox reaction, the linear dependence of the peak current on the square root of scan rate was predicted [33,34]. The graph of anodic and cathodic peak potential values against the scan rate is given in Figure 3.…”

“…Accordingly, the current values increased as the scan rate increased from 50 to 200 mV s -1 , except in electrolytic solutions with solvent dielectric constant of 53.3 and 59.1. It can be said that the system is diffusion-controlled [27,33,34] since the current values of the electrocoating obtained in electrolytic solutions with solvent dielectric constants of 35.9, 41.7, 47.5 and 64.9 increase with the increase of the scan rate.…”