Electrophysiological improvement after co-implantation of carbon filaments and fetal tissue in the contused rat spinal cord

Liu, Lian Sheng; Khan, Talat; Sayers, Scott; Dauzvardis, Michael; Trausch, Christina L.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12131-m

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The authors of transplantation studies have shown that cells of various origins send their processes into the host spinal cord and that host neurons project into the transplants. 9,21,[32][33][34] Axons of host origin form synapses within the transplanted tissue in both neonatal and adult spinal cordinjured animals. 6,21 Analysis of our data supports these two possibilities and the data are in agreement with those reported in previous studies in which investigators found that grafted hNT neurons in athymic nude mice have the capacity to extend fibers in both the gray and the white matter of the spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,21,[32][33][34] Axons of host origin form synapses within the transplanted tissue in both neonatal and adult spinal cordinjured animals. 6,21 Analysis of our data supports these two possibilities and the data are in agreement with those reported in previous studies in which investigators found that grafted hNT neurons in athymic nude mice have the capacity to extend fibers in both the gray and the white matter of the spinal cord. 14 The hNT fiber outgrowths extend for more than 2 cm within the white matter after 15 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional recovery after complete contusion injury to the spinal cord and transplantation of human neuroteratocarcinoma neurons in rats

Saporta¹,

Makoui²,

Willing³

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine

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Object. Human neuroteratocarcinoma (hNT)—derived neurons are differentiated postmitotic neurons derived from a human teratocarcinoma cell line following treatment with retinoic acid. In preclinical transplantation studies investigators have demonstrated both their safety as a source of neurons for transplantation and efficacy in treating stroke-related behavioral deficits. The objective of this study was to examine whether hNT neurons transplanted in an area of complete spinal cord contusion would improve electrophysiological measures of spinal cord function. Methods. Complete spinal cord contusion injury, defined as the complete loss of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), was produced in 30 rats at T-8. Ten rats with contused spinal cords underwent transplantation with hNT neurons within the site of contusion immediately after injury (immediate transplant group). Ten rats underwent hNT neuron transplantation following a 2-week evaluation for loss of MEPs (delayed transplant group). Ten other rats with contusion injury served as a spinal cord injury control group, and 10 rats underwent only a T-8 laminectomy and served as noninjured controls. All rats survived 8 weeks after transplantation. In the delayed transplant group significant functional recovery was observed, as demonstrated by return of MEPs and a modest improvement of motor function. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the survival, integration, and long fiber outgrowth of the grafted hNT neurons. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the transplantation of the hNT neurons may be an effective means of reestablishing electrical connectivity of the injured spinal cord.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional recovery after complete contusion injury to the spinal cord and transplantation of human neuroteratocarcinoma neurons in rats

Saporta¹,

Makoui²,

Willing³

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine

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“…35 A dynamic equilibrium between the phosphorylation and nonphosphorylation state of neuro®lament is required for the maintenance and regulation of axonal transport in the mature adult neurons. 21,24,26 The appearance of neuro®lament phosphorylation is a late event during development 5,11 and axonal regeneration 6 and therefore is suggested to be involved in the maturation of newly synthesized neuro®laments. 26 However, the hyperphosphorylation of neuro®laments has been reported in various injury models, indicating a transient axonal plasticity 7,12,23,43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have demonstrated partial functional recovery based on electrophysiological and behavioral evidence with carbon ®lament implants following contusion injury. 18,21 The objective of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis whether or not the implantation of carbon ®laments as prostheses and fetal tissue implants as a source of growth-promoting factors, alter the injury-associated cellular response and promote the regrowth of injured neurons across the contused spinal cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon filaments direct the growth of postlesional plastic axons after spinal cord injury

Chauhan

Figlewicz

Khan

1999

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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The effect of implantation of carbon filaments and fetal tissues on the axonal regeneration following contusion injury in a rat model was investigated by in situ immunofluorescence. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to severe contusion injury to the spinal cord at T9-T10. All animals were divided into 5 groups (N = 5/group): normal controls. surgical controls, with carbon filament implants, with fetal tissue implants and with implants consisting of fetal tissue cocultured with carbon filaments. After a 10-week survival period, the astroglial response was assessed by immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein and the neuro-axonal profile by immunoreactive phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament proteins. The contusion injury resulted in: (a) dramatically increased immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein indicating injury-associated reactive astrogliosis, (b) increase in immunoreactive phosphorylated neurofilament protein indicating upregulated phosphorylation of neurofilament protein, (c) with no change in the highly differentiated nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein which normally occur in the nonregenerating mature neurons. Implantation of fetal tissues alone following contusion injury did not show any appreciable change with regard to the immunoreactivities for the glial and neuronal markers studied, compared to the injury controls. However, the implantation of carbon filaments alone or together with fetal tissues directed the growth of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astroglia and phosphoneurofilament-positive neurites along the carbon fibers, with no effect on nonphosphoneurofilament protein. In conclusion, implantation of carbon filaments appears to be critical for facilitating the attachment of astroglia forming a substrate and scaffolding that can further support and direct the growth of postlesional plastic axons across the lesion. In addition, carbon filament prostheses in combination with fetal tissue implants provides an improved combinational approach to promote regrowth of injured neurons following injury.

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“…Recently, the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) has undergone novel changes in concept, though the disease still remains incurable (22,27,28). New research is largely being conducted in studies of clinical cell therapies [bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and Schwann cells (SCs)] (9,19,31,37,46,54,63,66,71,75), growth factors [e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)] (5,20,52,74), inhibitory molecules [e.g., NG2 (also known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; CSPG4), myelin protein) (17,50,65), and combination therapies (e.g., cell grafts, neurotrophins, cotransplantation) (12,32,47,51,53).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Using a Combination of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Schwann Cells for the Treatment of Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injuries

et al. 2014

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The aim of this prospective randomized double-blind clinical study is to examine the benefits of using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) combined with or without Schwann cells (SCs) in treating chronic complete spinal cord injuries (SCIs). This would offer patients a better alternative for neurological functional recovery. According to the initial design, 28 eligible participants with cervical chronic complete SCI were recruited and randomly allocated into four groups of seven participants each. The neurological assessments were to be performed according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) Functional Rating Scales, in combination with electrophysiological tests, for example, electromyography (EMG) and paraspinal somatosensory evoked potentials (PSSEPs). Here we have summarized the data from seven patients; three patients received an OEC intraspinal transplantation, one underwent SC implantation, and one received a combination of OECs and SCs. The remaining two patients were used as controls. The scores were evaluated independently by at least two neurologists in a blinded fashion for comparing the neurological functional changes during pre- and post-cell transplantation (6-month follow-up). All patients who received OECs, SCs alone, and a combination of them showed functional improvement. Mild fever occurred in one of the patients with OEC transplant that subsided after symptomatic treatments. All treated patients except one showed improvement in the electrophysiological tests. The functional improvement rate comprises 5/5 (100%) in the treated group, but 0/2 (0%) in the control group (p = 0.008). These preliminary findings show that transplanting OECs, SCs, or a combination of them is well tolerated and that they have beneficial effects in patients. Thus, further studies in larger patient cohorts are warranted to assess the benefits and risks of these intervention strategies. This manuscript is published as part of the IANR special issue of Cell Transplantation.

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Electrophysiological improvement after co-implantation of carbon filaments and fetal tissue in the contused rat spinal cord

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Functional recovery after complete contusion injury to the spinal cord and transplantation of human neuroteratocarcinoma neurons in rats

Functional recovery after complete contusion injury to the spinal cord and transplantation of human neuroteratocarcinoma neurons in rats

Carbon filaments direct the growth of postlesional plastic axons after spinal cord injury

A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Using a Combination of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Schwann Cells for the Treatment of Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injuries

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