Electrophysiological evidence for the effectiveness of images versus text in warnings

Abstract

Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are better warnings than text, while others have revealed flaws of image-only warning signs. To better understand the factors underlying the effectiveness of different types of warning signs (image only, text only, or image and text), this study adopted event-related potential technology to explore the differences at the neurocognitive level using the oddball paradigm and the Go/No-go paradigm. Together, the behavioral and electroencephalogram results showed that text-only warnings had the lowest effectiveness, but there was little difference between the image-only and image-and-text warnings. The differences in the effects of the three warning signs were mainly in the areas of attention and cognitive control, implying differences in the underlying cognitive processes. Therefore, in the design of warning signs, the effects of different design attributes on cognitive processing should be taken into account based on actual needs in order to improve the effectiveness of the signs.

Effectiveness of Green Corridor in Reducing the Level of Tropospheric Ozone Concentration in Legnica (Lower Silesia, SW Poland)

“…The purpose of green corridors is to ensure a continuous character of urban green areas (Al Masri et al, 2019). The benefits of green corridors may include: increased and protected biodiversity (Beaugeard et al, 2021), reduced air and noise pollution (Yang et al 2020), urban heat island prevention (Novak et al, 2009, Li et al, 2023, increased water retention (Cui et al, 2021). Tan et al (2016) and Milošević et al (2016) indicate that green aeration corridors increase the impact of vegetation on urban climate, whilst the effectiveness of urban ventilation itself depends, for example, on such factors as the built-up area of the city (Yang et al, 2019) or its surface roughness (Suder and Szymanowski 2014).…”

On‐Demand Crack Formation on DNA Film via Organic Solvent‐Induced Dehydration

“…Cracks exist in our daily lives, such as cement walls of buildings, [1,2] automobile tire, [3,4] and electronic chip splitting. [5,6] DOI: 10.1002/adma.…”

“…Cracks exist in our daily lives, such as cement walls of buildings, [ 1,2 ] automobile tire, [ 3,4 ] and electronic chip splitting. [ 5,6 ] They are formed by sudden temperature or humidity changes, and the results of mechanical fractures are considered defects that need to be eliminated.…”

Logistic Regression vs Machine Learning to Predict Evacuation Decisions in Fire Alarm Situations

“…To address this, researchers have focused on improving communication systems for warning individuals (D' Orazio et al, 2016;Ferraro and Settino, 2019;Kuligowski, 2011;Lin et al, 2023), evaluating the decision-making during pre-movement phase to support fire safety assessment (Liu and Lo, 2011;Lovreglio et al, 2015;Viswanathan and Lees, 2014) and analysing wayfinding behaviour (Lin et al, 2019;Vilar et al, 2018).…”