Electrophysiological evidence for cholinoceptive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus: Studies on rat brain stem in vitro

Ujihara, Hisamitsu; Akaike, Akinori; Sasa, Masashi; Takaori, Shuji

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90087-0

Cited by 151 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the findings regarding mAChR-mediated modulation of neuronal firing in the MVN (Sun et al 2002;Ujihara et al 1988Ujihara et al , 1989 and the sustained excitation that may be involved in gaze holding in the PHN (Navarro-López et al 2004, 2005, the functional significance of nAChRs has not been investigated in the MVN and PHN. The fact that nAChRs are ionotropic receptors indicates that the excitatory effects of these receptors, as shown by depolarization of the membrane potential in MVN neurons, result from ACh application (Phelan and Gallagher 1992).…”

Section: Cholinergic Responses In Mvn and Phn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…It should be noted that in our experimental condition using whole cell recordings, it may be difficult to clarify mAChR-dependent events completely. In addition, several mAChRs-dependent modulations have been reported in the MVN and PHN (Navarro-López et al 2004, 2005Sun et al 2002;Ujihara et al 1988Ujihara et al , 1989. Therefore, we do not rule out the significant effects of mAChRs on MVN and PHN functions.…”

Section: Cholinergic Responses In Mvn and Phn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pharmacological analysis of the current responses revealed that the inward currents mediated by the nAChRs were larger than those mediated by the mAChRs, suggesting that cholinergic responses in ChPNs are predominantly mediated by nAChRs. However, several studies have reported cholinergic modulation of neuronal activity via mAChRs in the MVN and the PHN (Navarro-López et al 2004, 2005Sun et al 2002;Ujihara et al 1988Ujihara et al , 1989. Therefore, it is possible that the predominant nAChR-mediated current responses are specific to ChPNs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei neurons showing distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes

Zhang

Yanagawa

Saito

2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Cholinergic transmission in both the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN) plays an important role in horizontal eye movements. We previously demonstrated that the current responses mediated via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were larger than those mediated via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in cholinergic MVN and PHN neurons that project to the cerebellum. In this study, to clarify the predominant nAChR responses and the expression patterns of nAChRs in MVN and PHN neurons that exhibit distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes, we identified cholinergic, inhibitory, and glutamatergic neurons using specific transgenic rats and investigated current responses to the application of acetylcholine (ACh) using whole cell recordings in brain stem slices. ACh application induced larger nAChR-mediated currents than mAChR-mediated currents in every neuronal phenotype. In the presence of an mAChR antagonist, we found three types of nAChR-mediated currents that exhibited different rise and decay times and designated these as fast (F)-, slow (S)-, and fast and slow (FS)-type currents. F-type currents were the predominant response in inhibitory MVN neurons, whereas S-type currents were observed in the majority of glutamatergic MVN and PHN neurons. No dominant response type was observed in cholinergic neurons. Pharmacological analyses revealed that the F-, S-, and FS-type currents were mainly mediated by ␣7, non-␣7, and both ␣7 and non-␣7 nAChRs, respectively. These findings suggest that cholinergic responses in the major neuronal populations of the MVN and PHN are predominantly mediated by nAChRs and that the expression of ␣7 and non-␣7 nAChRs differ among the neuronal phenotypes.cholinergic; methyllycaconitine; dihydro-␤-erythroidine; whole cell recording; transgenic rat EVIDENCE HAS ACCUMULATED regarding the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS), which play essential roles in sensory processing, learning and memory, and several cognitive functions (Albuquerque et al.

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Section: Cholinergic Responses In Mvn and Phn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Cholinergic Responses In Mvn and Phn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei neurons showing distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes

Zhang

Yanagawa

Saito

2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Thus, SCN cells not only generate spontaneous activity in vitro but they also maintain their circadian firing pattern [37-39]. Other populations of cells spontaneously active in vitro are the cholinergic interneurons in the neostriatum [40], dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra [41,42], neurons in the subthalamic nucleus [43,44], neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus [45-47], cells from deep cerebellar nuclei [48,49], and cerebellar Purkinje cells [48,50,51]. Within the visual system, particularly the subcortical portion, spontaneous activity in vitro has been described to occur in thalamocortical neurons [52] and in isolated dopanimergic cells from the retina [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prochnow

Schmidt

2004

BMC Neurosci

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BackgroundNeurons in the mammalian pretectum are involved in the control of various visual and oculomotor tasks. Because functionally independent pretectal cell populations show a wide variation of response types to visual stimulation in vivo, they may also differ in their intrinsic properties when recorded in vitro. We therefore performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neurons in the caudal third of the pretectal nuclear complex in frontal brain slices obtained from 3 to 6 week old hooded rats and tried to classify pretectal neurons electrophysiologically.ResultsPretectal neurons showed various response types to intracellular depolarizations, including bursting and regular firing behavior. One population of pretectal nuclear complex neurons could be particularly distinguished from others because they displayed spontaneous activity in vitro. These cells had more positive resting potentials and higher input resistances than cells that were not spontaneously active. The maintained firing of spontaneously active pretectal cells was characterized by only small variances in interspike intervals and thus showed a regular temporal patterning. The firing rate was directly correlated to the membrane potential. Removing excitatory inputs by blockade of AMPA and/or NMDA receptors did not change the spontaneous activity. Simultaneous blockade of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input by a substitution of extracellular calcium with cobalt neither changed the firing rate nor its temporal patterning. Each action potential was preceeded by a depolarizing inward current which was insensitive to calcium removal but which disappeared in the presence of tetrodotoxin.ConclusionsOur results indicate that a specific subpopulation of pretectal neurons is capable of generating maintained activity in the absence of any external synaptic input. This maintained activity depends on a sodium conductance and is independent from calcium currents.

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“…The slices are prepared from brain stems isolated rapidly from young rats (150-300 g) anaesthetized with 3 % halothane in oxygen and decapitated. Spontaneously active neurones were readily recorded extracellularly throughout the rostro-caudal length of the MVN in 400-500 gm slices maintained at 33'8 + 0-2 0C in an interface chamber perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF (mM): NaCl, 124; KCl, 5; KH2PO4, 12; NaHCO3, 26; MgSO4, 6-5; CaCl2, 0-25 D-glucose, 10) equilibrated with 95% 02/5% CO2 (Lewis et al 1989;Ujihara et al 1988). The resting discharge rates were regular and ranged from 2-1 to 59-8 impulses/s (mean 21-1 impulses/s + 241 (S.E.M.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the Physiological Society, 9‐10 February 1990, Bristol Meeting: Communications

Suidan

Murrell

Tolkovsky

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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Association between inhibition of a noxious viscerosomatic reflex and cardiovascular changes evoked by stimulation in the rostral hypothalamus in anaesthetized rats BY T. A. LOVICK and B. M. LUMB. Departments of Physiology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TJ and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 lTD It is a common experience that under certain extreme conditions, for example during combat or competitive sport, responsiveness to pain may be reduced. An association between analgesia and the specific pattern of cardiovascular changes which is characteristic of attack/defensive-type behaviour has previously been described in response to stimulation in the dorsal midbrain (Duggan & Morton, 1984; Lovick, 1985). More recently it has been shown that stimulation of neuronal cell bodies in the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area of the forebrain can inhibit spinal processing of noxious visceral afferent input (Lumb, 1989; Lumb & Cervero, 1989). This area of the forebrain is also known to be involved in the control of cardiovascular responsiveness. Therefore in the present study we have investigated the possibility that antinociception evoked from the ventral forebrain might be accompanied by a specific pattern of cardiovascular response.Experiments were carried out on 10 male rats anaesthetized with alphaxalone/ alphadolone (9-12 mg/kg per h, i.v.). They were instrumented to record blood pressure, heart rate, hindlimb muscle blood flow and respiration. Reflex activity in spinal nerves LI or L2 was recorded in the response to electrical stimulation of visceral afferent nerve fibres in the splanchnic nerve at 1-5 x threshold intensity. Glass micropipettes containing 0-2 M-D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH, pH 7-5) were positioned in the ventromedial forebrain for selective activation of neuronal cell bodies.Microinjection of DLH produced a clear-cut inhibition of the reflex at 7 out of 65 sites. The effective sites were located in the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (AH/PO). Injections made rostral or caudal to this region failed to produce any change in reflex activity. At all 7 positive injection sites inhibition of the reflex was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, vasodilatation in hindlimb muscle and tachypnoea. This pattern of response was never evoked by injections made at other sites. Indeed, at sites where DLH failed to affect reflex activity there was either a fall in blood pressure and heart rate and vasodilatation in the hindlimb or no change in the cardiovascular parameters measured.We suggest that the AH/PO may be involved in integrating the various components of the whole response of the animal to stimuli which evoke defensive/attack-type behaviour and inhibition of noxious afferent input from the viscera.

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Electrophysiological evidence for cholinoceptive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus: Studies on rat brain stem in vitro

Cited by 151 publications

References 12 publications

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei neurons showing distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei neurons showing distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes

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Proceedings of the Physiological Society, 9‐10 February 1990, Bristol Meeting: Communications

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