Electrophysiological Correlates of Strategic Monitoring in Event-Based and Time-Based Prospective Memory

Cona, Giorgia; Arcara, Giorgio; Tarantino, Vincenza; Bisiacchi, Patrizia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031659

Cited by 45 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To study neural correlates of monitoring in PM we have used a traditional experimental design (Brewer et al, 2010; Cona et al, 2012; Czernochowski et al, 2012; Guynn, 2003, 2008; Knight et al, 2010; Marsh et al, 2003; Smith, 2003, 2010; Smith et al, 2007; West et al, 2006; West et al, 2007), assuming that the difference between ‘Ongoing+PM task’ and ‘Ongoing-only task’ conditions reflects neurocognitive processes associated with the addition of a PM component to the task. This may raise concerns regarding whether the results can be attributed to the PM task performance or to other non-specific factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional experimental designs in PM evaluate monitoring by comparing performance of an ongoing task performed in conjunction with a PM task (ongoing+PM task condition) with the performance of the same task without the PM task embedded (ongoing-only task condition) (Czernochowski et al, 2012; Guynn, 2003, 2008; Marsh et al, 2003; Smith, 2003, 2010; Smith et al, 2007). The same approach has been used to explore the neural correlates of monitoring in PM (Cona et al, 2012; Czernochowski et al, 2012; Knight et al, 2010; West et al, 2006; West et al, 2007). West et al (2006, 2007) showed the first evidence of a monitoring effect (called the prospective interference effect in their studies) using perceptually salient PM cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ERPs and their brain sources in perceptual and conceptual prospective memory tasks: Commonalities and differences between the two tasks

et al. 2016

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The present study examined whether Event-Related Potential (ERP) components and their neural generators are common to perceptual and conceptual prospective memory (PM) tasks or specific to the form of PM cue involved. We used Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to study the contributions of brain source activities to scalp ERPs across the different phases of two event-based PM-tasks: (1) holding intentions during a delay (monitoring) (2) detecting the correct context to perform the delayed intention (cue detection) and (3) carrying out the action (realisation of delayed intentions). Results showed that monitoring for both perceptual and conceptual PM-tasks was characterised by an enhanced early occipital negativity (N200). In addition the conceptual PM-task showed a long-lasting effect of monitoring significant around 700 ms. Perceptual PM-task cues elicited an N300 enhancement associated with cue detection, whereas a midline N400-like response was evoked by conceptual PM-task cues. The Prospective Positivity associated with realisation of delayed intentions was observed in both conceptual and perceptual tasks. A common frontal-midline brain source contributed to the Prospective Positivity in both tasks and a strong contribution from parieto-frontal brain sources was observed only for the perceptually cued PM-task. These findings support the idea that: (1) The enhanced N200 can be understood as a neural correlate of a ‘retrieval mode’ for perceptual and conceptual PM-tasks, and additional strategic monitoring is implemented according the nature of the PM task; (2) ERPs associated with cue detection are specific to the nature of the PM cues; (3) Prospective Positivity reflects a general PM process, but the specific brain sources contributing to it depend upon the nature of the PM task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERPs and their brain sources in perceptual and conceptual prospective memory tasks: Commonalities and differences between the two tasks

et al. 2016

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“…In their Multiprocess Theory, McDaniel and Einstein [14] propose that increasing the importance of a prospective memory task may result in a shift within the cognitive processes engaged for solving the task. Specifically, in tasks that are perceived as high in importance, participants are proposed to deploy more strategic, controlled cognitive processes in order to actively monitor for the cues that should initiate the execution of an intended action [15]. Similar assumptions can be made on the basis of the PAM Theory [17] to explain the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, and here both models differ in their predictions, it is argued that automatic processing will not occur since some resources are always needed for performing the ongoing task and some resources have to be used for monitoring for the target item among the ongoing task [15,16]. Smith and Bayen [17] in their Preparatory Attentional and Memory Processes (PAM) Theory specify monitoring as resource-demanding preparatory attentional processes, explaining age-related decrements in prospective memory [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Importance Effects on Age Differences in Performance in Event-Based Prospective Memory

2013

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Background: Most laboratory-based studies on prospective memory show a decline with increasing age. Theoretical explanations for age differences focus on the allocation of attentional resources to support prospective remembering. The recruitment of prospective memory target monitoring seems to be influenced by perceived task importance. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the influence of task importance on the magnitude of age differences in event-based prospective memory. Methods: Healthy younger (n = 25) and older (n = 25) adults were instructed a priori to prioritize either the ongoing or the prospective memory task before performing an event-based prospective memory task. Results: We found an interaction between age and task importance: instructed higher importance of the ongoing task compared to the prospective memory task component produced significant age-related declines in prospective remembering. By contrast, if older adults treated the prospective memory task component as more important than the ongoing task, they achieved equivalent levels of prospective memory performance as their younger counterparts, but did so at a cost to ongoing task performance. Conclusions: The present data indicate that task importance is one of the factors determining the presence or absence of age deficits in prospective remembering. Findings are discussed in the context of limited processing resources in old age and theoretical frameworks of event-based prospective memory.

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“…The first non-monitoring block always preceded the first monitoring block in order to avoid any potential interference between monitoring instructions and non-monitoring performance (e.g., Cona et al, 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the domain-general nature of monitoring in the spatial and verbal cognitive domains

et al. 2016

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While it is well-established that monitoring the environment for the occurrence of relevant events represents a key executive function, it is still unclear whether such a function is mediated by domain-general or domain-specific mechanisms. We investigated this issue by combining event-related potentials (ERPs) with a behavioral paradigm in which monitoring processes (non-monitoring vs. monitoring) and cognitive domains (spatial vs. verbal) were orthogonally manipulated in the same group of participants. They had to categorize 3-dimensional visually presented words on the basis of either spatial or verbal rules. In monitoring blocks, they additionally had to check whether the word displayed a specific spatial configuration or whether it contained a certain consonant. The behavioral results showed slower responses for both spatial and verbal monitoring trials compared to non-monitoring trials. The ERP results revealed that monitoring did not interact with domain, thus suggesting the involvement of common underlying mechanisms. Specifically, monitoring acted on low-level perceptual processes (as expressed by an enhanced visual N1 wave and a sustained posterior negativity for monitoring trials) and on higher-level cognitive processes (involving larger positive modulations by monitoring trials over frontal and parietal scalp regions). The source reconstruction analysis of the ERP data confirmed that monitoring was associated with increased activity in visual areas and in right prefrontal and parietal regions (i.e., superior and inferior frontal gyri and posterior parietal cortex), which previous studies have linked to spatial and temporal monitoring. Our findings extend this research by supporting the domain-general nature of monitoring in the spatial and verbal domains.

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Electrophysiological Correlates of Strategic Monitoring in Event-Based and Time-Based Prospective Memory

Cited by 45 publications

References 61 publications

ERPs and their brain sources in perceptual and conceptual prospective memory tasks: Commonalities and differences between the two tasks

ERPs and their brain sources in perceptual and conceptual prospective memory tasks: Commonalities and differences between the two tasks

Importance Effects on Age Differences in Performance in Event-Based Prospective Memory

Testing the domain-general nature of monitoring in the spatial and verbal cognitive domains

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