Electrophysiological Correlates of Rest and Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Nitz, Douglas A.; Swinderen, Bruno van; Tononi, Giulio; Greenspan, Ralph J.

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01300-3

Cited by 253 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Conservation of sleep from humans to flies extends beyond behaviour to pharmacology (e.g. : caffeine and amphetamines promote wakefulness 3,4 , whereas sedatives like hydroxyzine promote sleep 4 ) and flies, like vertebrates, show distinct electrophysiological correlates 60 of wakefulness and sleep in the brain neuronal activity 9 . Together, these findings demonstrate an evolutionary conservation between Drosophila and human sleep at the behavioural and molecular levels, making flies an ideal system to study the mysterious functions of sleep and all its connections to pathological conditions in humans.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Gilestro

2012

Nat Protoc

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30In the past decade, Drosophila has emerged as an ideal model organism to study the genetic components of sleep, its regulation and functions. In fruitflies, sleep can be conveniently estimated by measuring the locomotor activity of the animals using techniques and instruments adapted from the field of circadian behaviour. However, proper analysis of sleep requires degrees of spatial and temporal resolution higher than is needed by circadian scientists, and different algorithms and 35 software for data analysis. Here, I describe how to perform sleep experiments in flies using techniques and software (pySolo and pySolo-Video) created and developed in my laboratory. I focus on computer assisted video-tracking as instrument to monitor flies activity; I explain how to prepare the necessary equipment and how to plan a sleep analysis that covers the basic aspects of sleep, closing with data analysis. A typical experiment for sleep analysis requires 5-7 days to 40 perform.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Gilestro

2012

Nat Protoc

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“…In addition, since the original model was developed, electrophysiological correlates of the fly sleep state have been described (Nitz et al 2002). We recently discovered another aspect of fly rest that is shared with mammalian sleep-they both get fragmented with age.…”

Section: Sleep In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Sleep: Wake Cycles inDrosophila

Sehgal¹,

Joiner²,

Crocker³

et al. 2007

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

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“…Thus, in flies both sleep deprivation and a rich learning experience lead to a sleep rebound characterized by overall increased sleep time, increased arousal threshold, and longer sleep episodes (4-6). As in mammals, overall neuronal activity in flies is also high during wake and low during sleep (6)(7)(8). Specifically, a seminal study using local field potential (LFP) recordings from the Drosophila medial protocerebrum found high spike-like potentials that disappeared after the block of synaptic transmission in the mushroom bodies (MBs) (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sleep- and wake-dependent changes in neuronal activity and reactivity demonstrated in fly neurons using in vivo calcium imaging

Bushey

Tononi

Cirelli

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sleep in Drosophila shares many features with mammalian sleep, but it remains unknown whether spontaneous and evoked activity of individual neurons change with the sleep/wake cycle in flies as they do in mammals. Here we used calcium imaging to assess how the Kenyon cells in the fly mushroom bodies change their activity and reactivity to stimuli during sleep, wake, and after short or long sleep deprivation. As before, sleep was defined as a period of immobility of >5 min associated with a reduced behavioral response to a stimulus. We found that calcium levels in Kenyon cells decline when flies fall asleep and increase when they wake up. Moreover, calcium transients in response to two different stimuli are larger in awake flies than in sleeping flies. The activity of Kenyon cells is also affected by sleep/wake history: in awake flies, more cells are spontaneously active and responding to stimuli if the last several hours (5-8 h) before imaging were spent awake rather than asleep. By contrast, long wake (≥29 h) reduces both baseline and evoked neural activity and decreases the ability of neurons to respond consistently to the same repeated stimulus. The latter finding may underlie some of the negative effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and is consistent with the occurrence of local sleep during wake as described in behaving rats. Thus, calcium imaging uncovers new similarities between fly and mammalian sleep: fly neurons are more active and reactive in wake than in sleep, and their activity tracks sleep/wake history.T he fundamental features that characterize mammalian sleep also define Drosophila melanogaster sleep (1-3). Most crucially, in both flies and mammals, sleep is distinguished from simple rest (quiet wake) by an increased arousal threshold, i.e., a reduced ability to respond to external stimuli. Moreover, in flies and mammals sleep is controlled homeostatically by the duration as well by the intensity of prior wake, suggesting basic similarities in the mechanisms of sleep regulation across species. Thus, in flies both sleep deprivation and a rich learning experience lead to a sleep rebound characterized by overall increased sleep time, increased arousal threshold, and longer sleep episodes (4-6). As in mammals, overall neuronal activity in flies is also high during wake and low during sleep (6-8). Specifically, a seminal study using local field potential (LFP) recordings from the Drosophila medial protocerebrum found high spike-like potentials that disappeared after the block of synaptic transmission in the mushroom bodies (MBs) (7). This high spike activity was present when flies were moving or had been quiescent for only a few seconds, but disappeared with sleep (i.e., after periods of immobility >5 min), when the overall LFP power in all frequencies also decreased by ∼60% (7). The study concluded that neural activity in the sleeping fly brain, or at least in a central region spanning the MBs, resembles that seen in mammals in several brainstem cell groups including noradrenergic ne...

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Electrophysiological Correlates of Rest and Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 253 publications

References 17 publications

Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Molecular Analysis of Sleep: Wake Cycles inDrosophila

Sleep- and wake-dependent changes in neuronal activity and reactivity demonstrated in fly neurons using in vivo calcium imaging

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