Electrophysiological analysis of the tecto-olivocerebellar (lobule VII) projection in the rat

Akaike, Tadashi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90934-5

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In the neural equivalent of Fig 1C the rat superior colliculus is therefore shown as projecting to the inferior olive. Abundant anatomical and electrophysiological evidence indicates not only that this projection exists [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], but that it is more extensive than in cats and primates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

et al. 2012

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The cerebellum is thought to implement internal models for sensory prediction, but details of the underlying circuitry are currently obscure. We therefore investigated a specific example of internal-model based sensory prediction, namely detection of whisker contacts during whisking. Inputs from the vibrissae in rats can be affected by signals generated by whisker movement, a phenomenon also observable in whisking robots. Robot novelty-detection can be improved by adaptive noise-cancellation, in which an adaptive filter learns a forward model of the whisker plant that allows the sensory effects of whisking to be predicted and thus subtracted from the noisy sensory input. However, the forward model only uses information from an efference copy of the whisking commands. Here we show that the addition of sensory information from the whiskers allows the adaptive filter to learn a more complex internal model that performs more robustly than the forward model, particularly when the whisking-induced interference has a periodic structure. We then propose a neural equivalent of the circuitry required for adaptive novelty-detection in the robot, in which the role of the adaptive filter is carried out by the cerebellum, with the comparison of its output (an estimate of the self-induced interference) and the original vibrissal signal occurring in the superior colliculus, a structure noted for its central role in novelty detection. This proposal makes a specific prediction concerning the whisker-related functions of a region in cerebellar cortical zone A2 that in rats receives climbing fibre input from the superior colliculus (via the inferior olive). This region has not been observed in non-whisking animals such as cats and primates, and its functional role in vibrissal processing has hitherto remained mysterious. Further investigation of this system may throw light on how cerebellar-based internal models could be used in broader sensory, motor and cognitive contexts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

et al. 2012

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“…For example, the responses evoked by M2 stimulation may be explained by its direct projections to the superior colliculus. The superior colliculus, in turn, has been shown in a range of species to project to the caudal medial accessory olive (cMAO) (monkey: Frankfurter et al, 1976, 1977; Harting, 1977, cat: Jeneskog, 1983; Kyuhou and Matsuzaki, 1991; Weber et al, 1978, rabbit: Holstege and Collewijn, 1982, rat: Akaike, 1985; Hess, 1982; Swenson and Castro, 1983), and cMAO (subnucleus c) in turn provides the main climbing fibre input to vermal lobule VII (Apps, 1990; Gwyn et al, 1977; Sugita et al, 1989, see also Akaike, 1985, 1986, 1992; Hess, 1982). On the other hand, the periaqueductal grey is a potential candidate as a site of relay between PrL and cerebellar vermal lobule VII because it also has connections with cMAO (Swenson and Castro, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological mapping of novel prefrontal - cerebellar pathways

Watson

Jones

Apps

2009

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Whilst the cerebellum is predominantly considered a sensorimotor control structure, accumulating evidence suggests that it may also subserve non-motor functions during cognition. However, this possibility is not universally accepted, not least because the nature and pattern of links between higher cortical structures and the cerebellum are poorly characterized. We have therefore used in vivo electrophysiological methods in anaesthetized rats to directly investigate connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic subdivision, PrL) and the cerebellum. Stimulation of deep layers of PrL evoked distinct field potentials in the cerebellar cortex with a mean latency to peak of approximately 35 ms. These responses showed a well-defined topography, and were maximal in lobule VII of the contralateral vermis (a known oculomotor centre); they were not attenuated by local anaesthesia of the overlying M2 motor cortex, though M2 stimulation did evoke field potentials in lobule VII with a shorter latency (approximately 30 ms). Single unit recordings showed that prelimbic cortical stimulation elicits complex spikes in lobule VII Purkinje cells, indicating transmission via a previously undescribed cerebro-olivocerebellar pathway. Our results therefore establish a physiological basis for communication between PrL and the cerebellum. The role(s) of this pathway remain to be resolved, but presumably relate to control of eye movements and/or distributed networks associated with integrated prefrontal cortical functions.

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Anatomical connections of the prepositus and abducens nuclei in the squirrel monkey

Belknap

McCrea

1988

J of Comparative Neurology

147

100

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The primary goal of this investigation was to identify the areas of the brainstem and cerebellum that provide afferent projections to the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi in primates. After horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) was injected into the prepositus in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), the largest populations of retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the vestibular nuclei, the contralateral perihypoglossal nuclei, and the medullary and pontine reticular formation. Unlike the cat, the prepositus in Saimiri received substantial projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis and the central mesencephalic reticular formation, whereas few or no labeled cells were found in the cerebellar cortex, the superior colliculus, or the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. By comparing the afferents to the prepositus with those to the abducens nucleus, we found that all regions projecting to the abducens also projected to the prepositus, without exception. Anterogradely transported WGA-HRP showed that the major brainstem recipients of prepositus efferents were the vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei, the inferior olive, the medullary reticular formation, and the extraocular motor nuclei. In the cerebellar cortex, the prepositus projected to restricted regions of crura I and II as well as the caudal vermis and vestibulocerebellum. The many parts of the oculomotor system receiving input from the prepositus and the parallel innervation of the prepositus and the abducens by a large number of premotor centers lend support to the hypothesis that the prepositus may distribute an efference copy of motor activity, and may also play an important role in the process of neural integration.

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Electrophysiological analysis of the tecto-olivocerebellar (lobule VII) projection in the rat

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

Electrophysiological mapping of novel prefrontal - cerebellar pathways

Anatomical connections of the prepositus and abducens nuclei in the squirrel monkey

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