Electrophysical properties of multiferroic PMN-PT-Ferrite composites sintered by spark plasma sintering

Influence of the Sintering Method on the Properties of a Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Based on PZT-Type Ferroelectric Material and Ni-Zn Ferrite

“…Fine grains predominate; however, there are also much larger grains, which makes the microstructure heterogeneous in terms of grain size. The sintering conditions used in the SPS method (suitable for other multiferroic composite materials of this type, e.g., [ 32 , 69 ]) do not effectively affect the uniform grain growth for use in the present ferroelectric P component, which results in the formation of internal pores in the sample volume. It decreases the composite sample density.…”

“…Because multiferroic composites have the same amount of ferrite, all examined samples reveal the same magnetic characteristics. The type of synthesis method used does not firmly affect the magnetic properties of the multiferroic composite, as does the type of ferroelectric phase [ 69 ]. Magnetic properties of the nickel-zinc ferrite depend from many factors, i.e., on the exchange interactions between octahedral and tetrahedral sub-lattices, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, spin-canted effect, super-exchange interaction, and dipolar interactions between the moments [ 84 ].…”

“…These parameters allowed for selecting optimal parameters for a specific material. The selection of technological conditions for the SPS process was made based on experimental research presented in previous studies [ 32 , 69 ]. A more detailed description of the SPS method is presented in [ 68 ].…”

“…[ 67 ]. In the technological process, several sintering methods are used to obtain multiferroic composite materials, including free sintering (pressureless sintering), hot pressing, and spark plasma sintering [ 32 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 68 , 69 ]. Each of these sintering methods has both numerous advantages as well as disadvantages, whereas not all types of materials subjected to sintering can achieve the desired effect and optimal final properties.…”

Exploring the magnetic, electric and magnetodielectric properties of (1 − x)Ba0.9Ni0.1Ti0.9Mn0.1O3–xCo0.9Mn0.1Fe1.9V0.1O4 multiferroic composites

“…These endeavors have primarily focused on the implementation of novel synthesis and sintering techniques as well as the refinement of existing methodologies employed in the technological processes. [11][12][13] Various methods can be discerned for the synthesis of materials, such as sol-gel, 14,15 co-precipitation, 16 mechanochemical activation, 17 free sintering, 18,19 hot pressing, 20 spark plasma sintering (SPS), 21 and microwave techniques. 22 Advancements in synthesis and sintering technologies have emerged either through the enhancement of existing methods or the development of novel techniques in the field of technological processes.…”