Electrophoretic variation between the central and southern populations of the northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Girard 1854 (Engraulidae, Pisces) from Baja California, Mexico

In the upwelling zone of the northeastern Pacific, cold nutrient-rich conditions alternate with warm nutrient-poor intervals on timescales ranging from months to millennia. In this setting, the abundances of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) fluctuate by several orders of magnitude, with sardine dominating during warm conditions and anchovy dominating during cool conditions. Two population models can explain the response of these fishes to adverse conditions. Under the basin model, species distributions contract to a central (optimal) range during population crashes. Expectations of this model may include a single range-wide population with a decline in genetic diversity on both sides of a central refuge. In contrast, the self-recruitment model invokes a series of local oceanographic domains that maintain semi-isolated subpopulations. During adverse conditions, some subpopulations cannot complete the life cycle within the local environment and are extirpated. Expectations of this model include some degree of population genetic structure and no clear gradient in genetic diversity. We examined mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences to assess these competing models for anchovy (N = 196; 539 bp) and sardine (N = 107; 425 bp). The mitochondrial DNA gene genealogies are shallow but diverse for both species. Haplotype frequencies are homogeneous among subpopulations, but genetic diversities peak for both species along Baja California and adjacent southern California. Mismatch distributions and Tajima's D-values reveal distinctive signatures of population bottlenecks and expansions. Sardine haplotypes coalesce at approximately 241,000 years bp, with an initial female effective population size Nf0 = 0 followed by exponential growth to Nf1 = 115 million. Anchovy haplotypes coalesce at approximately 282,000 years bp, with an initial population size of Nf0 = 14,000, followed by exponential growth to Nf1 = 2.3 million. These results indicate a founder event for sardine and a severe population decline for anchovy in the California Current during the late Pleistocene. Overall, these data support the basin model on decadal timescales, although local recruitment may dominate on shorter timescales.

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“…1981), allozymes (Hedgecock et al . 1989, 1994; Hedgecock 1991, 1994; Diaz‐Jaimes et al . 1999) and karyotypes (Uribe‐Alcocer et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with uncertainty: genetic imprints of climate shifts in East Pacific anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Grant²,

et al. 2004

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Population genetic structure and demographic history of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus from Peru and Northern Chile: implications for management and conservation of natural beds

et al. 2019

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Phylogeography and Population Genetics

Kasapidis¹

2014

Biology and Ecology of Sardines and Anchovies

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Electrophoretic variation between the central and southern populations of the northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Girard 1854 (Engraulidae, Pisces) from Baja California, Mexico

Abstract: Se identificaron marcadores genéticos distintivos de las poblaciones central y sureña de la anchoveta Engraulis mordax por medio de técnicas electroforéticas. Se realizaron tres recolecciones en Ensenada,

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Living with uncertainty: genetic imprints of climate shifts in East Pacific anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Living with uncertainty: genetic imprints of climate shifts in East Pacific anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and sardine (Sardinops sagax)

Population genetic structure and demographic history of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus from Peru and Northern Chile: implications for management and conservation of natural beds

Phylogeography and Population Genetics

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