Electrophoretic Evidence for Genetic Diploidy in the Bracken Fern (
            <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>
            )

Wolf, Paul G.; Haufler, Christopher H.; Sheffield, E.

doi:10.1126/science.236.4804.947

Cited by 59 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…feei is of particular interest in view of the presence within its range of the allotetraploid P. caudatum (Thomson & Alonso-Amelot, 2002). Wolf, Haufler & Sheffield (1988), using electrophoretic analysis of isozyme patterns, showed that P. aquilinum sampled widely across North America and Mexico has a functionally diploid genetic system based on 2n = 104 with disomic inheritance patterns, but feei was apparently not included in this study. Chromosome counts showing a haploid karyotype of n = 52 have been published for sspp.…”

Section: Nuclear and Chloroplast Genomesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Taxonomic status and relationships of bracken ferns (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae) of Laurasian affinity in Central and North America

2008

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Detailed quantitative comparisons confirm and extend the discrimination of four major morphotypes amongst brackens of Laurasian affinity in Central and North America. These are recognized here at subspecies level as: Pteridium aquilinum sspp. feei, pubescens, latiusculum, and pseudocaudatum. Measurements of spore size indicate that sporophytes of P. aquilinum ssp. feei are diploid (2n = 104), as are sspp. pubescens, latiusculum, and pseudocaudatum. Phenetic cluster analysis based on DNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction groups these four subspecies as genomically more similar to each other than to any taxa from other geographical regions. The chloroplast haplotype of ssp. feei is the same as that of sspp. latiusculum, pseudocaudatum, and pubescens with respect to the absence of both of the short direct repeats in the rps4-trnS region (haplotype A), whereas the European ssp. aquilinum (haplotype B) has one of these repeats, and the Southern Hemisphere brackens P. arachnoideum and P. esculentum (haplotype C) have the other.

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Section: Nuclear and Chloroplast Genomesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Taxonomic status and relationships of bracken ferns (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae) of Laurasian affinity in Central and North America

2008

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“…This is expressed in the 12 varieties of the two subspecies, aquilinum and caudatum found worldwide (Tryon 1941;Page 1976), and its many clonal intermediates (Wolf et al, 1987(Wolf et al, , 1991. (2) Bracken is chemically well defended against herbivory (Cooper-Driver 1976, 1990Jones 1983;Jones and Firn 1979a, b) and competing plants (Gliesman 1976;Nava-R. et al 1987) with an array of toxins of wide structural spectrum (Fenwick 1989) that includes unique sesquiterpenes among the gymnosperms (Tanaka et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative spatial distribution, size, biomass and growth rate of two varieties of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) in a neotropical montane habitat

Alonso‐Amelot

Rodulfo-Baechler

1996

Vegetatio

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Comparative spatial distribution, size, biomass and growth rate of two varieties of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) in a neotropical montane habitat AbstractA comparative field study of caudatum and arachnoideum, the two Pteridium aquilinum varieties of the caudatum subspecies known to grow in the neotropics, was performed in a montane savanna habitat of the Venezuelan Andes that was affected by wildfire. Frond size, ramet density and spatial distribution, blade and rhizome biomass, and frond elongation and expansion rates were measured in separate, isolated stands each containing only one bracken variety and covering approximately the same area (,-~540 m2). In addition to clearly discernible morphological differences, caudatum and arachnoideum were found to possess distinct features: caudatum tends to develop open stands of relatively shorter blades of 76.6 4-0.89 cm(# -t-SE) of rachis length and lower ramet density (1.6 fronds m -2, max. = 7 fronds m -2) whereas arachnoideum grows into longer, more expanded fronds 124 -I-1.6 cm tall and significantly higher ramet density (5.1 fronds/m 2, max. = 14.6 fronds m-z). The sum of aerial and underground biomass was found to be notably larger for arachnoideum (8522 4-614 Kg/ha) than for caudatum (1929 4-131 Kg ha -1) in stands growing under the same habitat conditions. Therefore the spatial distribution of arachnoideum appeared considerably more compact than that of caudatum. Blade growth rates and development time were also very different. Newly emerged caudatum croziers developed into mature blades within 42 to 48 days following an inverse exponential curve whereas arachnoideum blades required 70 to 75 days to reach maturity following a linear development. All the above dissimilarities are interpreted as the hitherto unreported indication of diverging growth strategies of two cohabitant bracken varieties following fire.

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“…Multiple enzyme bands observed in an initial electrophoretic study of bracken fern were taken as evidence of multiple gene copies resulting from paleopolyploidy (Chapman et al 1979). However, subsequent enzyme electrophoretic analyses of homosporous ferns showed that some multibanded enzyme patterns result from segregating diploid Mendelian heterozygosity at single loci (Gastony and Gottlieb 1982) and others from subcellularly compartmentalized isozymes well known in angiosperms, conclusions subsequently validated by reanalysis of bracken fern (Wolf et al 1987). Electrophoretic analysis of naturally occurring fern populations also revealed diploid gene expression of enzyme-encoding loci (Haufler and Soltis 1984;Gastony and Gottlieb 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Map-Based Analysis of Genome Structure in the Homosporous Fern Ceratopteris richardii

Nakazato¹,

Jung

Housworth

et al. 2006

Genetics

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Homosporous ferns have extremely high chromosome numbers relative to flowering plants, but the species with the lowest chromosome numbers show gene expression patterns typical of diploid organisms, suggesting that they may be diploidized ancient polyploids. To investigate the role of polyploidy in fern genome evolution, and to provide permanent genetic resources for this neglected group, we constructed a high-resolution genetic linkage map of the homosporous fern model species, Ceratopteris richardii (n ¼ 39). Linkage map construction employed 488 doubled haploid lines (DHLs) that were genotyped for 368 RFLP, 358 AFLP, and 3 isozyme markers. Forty-one linkage groups were recovered, with average spacing between markers of 3.18 cM. Most loci ($76%) are duplicated and most duplicates occur on different linkage groups, indicating that as in other eukaryotic genomes, gene duplication plays a prominent role in shaping the architecture of fern genomes. Although past polyploidization is a potential mechanism for the observed abundance of gene duplicates, a wide range in the number of gene duplicates as well as the absence of large syntenic regions consisting of duplicated gene copies implies that small-scale duplications may be the primary mode of gene duplication in C. richardii. Alternatively, evidence of past polyploidization(s) may be masked by extensive chromosomal rearrangements as well as smaller-scale duplications and deletions following polyploidization(s).

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Electrophoretic Evidence for Genetic Diploidy in the Bracken Fern ( Pteridium aquilinum )

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Taxonomic status and relationships of bracken ferns (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae) of Laurasian affinity in Central and North America

Taxonomic status and relationships of bracken ferns (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae) of Laurasian affinity in Central and North America

Comparative spatial distribution, size, biomass and growth rate of two varieties of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) in a neotropical montane habitat

Genetic Map-Based Analysis of Genome Structure in the Homosporous Fern Ceratopteris richardii

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