Electrophoretic deposition of colloidal TiO2 nanorods towards nano-porous thin-films

Recent advances in ultra-low temperature (sub-zero to 100 °C) synthesis, mechanism and applications of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles

“…3,20,81,90 Many disadvantages has been reported for these methods such as environmentally unfriendly nature, complex methodology, high process time, more energy consumption, and small scale production (0.1 to 1 kg/day) leading to very high costs. 25,66,91 The development of sustainable processes which could produce large scale nanomaterials at low cost, simple operations, better quality/ properties, and lower temperature is a need of hour. 42 Different production methods such as laser, aerosol, inert gas, hydrothermal, and sol-gel have been reported by researchers for fabrication of titania nanostructures in different morphology and structure such as tubes, crystals, wires and rods.…”

“…83 Similarly, many composite thin films of TiO 2 nanoparticles were deposited on different substrates using this technique. 91 Anodic TiO 2 nanotubes were prepared by novel crystallization method at low temperature (70-90°C). Although mechanism of this method is not clear, it is popular due to lower energy and simple equipment requirement compared to sintering.…”

“…This led to the electrophoretic deposition of colloidal TiO 2 rodlike shaped nanocrystals on a conductive substrate at 100°C. 91 A novel template-free method was developed to produce mesoporous films of nanocrystalline anatase TiO 2 (≥80°C). These particles exhibited great optical superiority beads of TiO 2 affords.…”

“…Subsequently, the reaction flask was insulated for 5 days in an inert atmospheric condition and under stirring at 100 °C. 91 Titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) (H 2 O:TTIP molar ratio ranging from 40:1 to 150:1) was hydrolysed by oleic acid (OLEA) at 80-100°C to produce organiccapped anatase TiO 2 nanorods. Crystalline product was warranted during polycondensation using catalysts of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium hydroxides (see Figure 14b).…”