1999
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199905)11:7<536::aid-adma536>3.0.co;2-i
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Electrooptical Chromophores for Nonlinear Optical and Photorefractive Applications

Abstract: Electrooptical (EO) materials are able to change their refractive index under the influence of an externally applied electric field, an effect that is of great technological importance as a means to control the phase of laser light. [1] In recent years, a variety of cheap and easily processable organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials [2] were designed for this purpose. Poled polymers for high-frequency modulation of optical signals were developed, and photorefractive (PR) polymers [3] emerged as promising… Show more

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Cited by 102 publications
(72 citation statements)
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“…The dipole moment in the ground state and the difference of the dipole moments are calculated using electro-optical absorption measurements. 86 Polarizability anisotropy Δα, the ground-state dipole moment μ and the first hyperpolarizability β are significantly affected by structural modifications due to changes in the electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups. The two terms of FOM of the NLO chromophores with various π-conjugated structures with different electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups were individually evaluated as a function of the resonance parameter c 2 for two basic resonance states of push-pull chromophores, a neutral polyene limit (D-A, c 2 = 0), cyanine limit with c 2 = 0.5, zwitterionic limit (betaine type, D + -A − , c 2 = 1) 26,86,87 and as a function of π-bond-order alternations (BOAs).…”
Section: Nlo Dyesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The dipole moment in the ground state and the difference of the dipole moments are calculated using electro-optical absorption measurements. 86 Polarizability anisotropy Δα, the ground-state dipole moment μ and the first hyperpolarizability β are significantly affected by structural modifications due to changes in the electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups. The two terms of FOM of the NLO chromophores with various π-conjugated structures with different electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups were individually evaluated as a function of the resonance parameter c 2 for two basic resonance states of push-pull chromophores, a neutral polyene limit (D-A, c 2 = 0), cyanine limit with c 2 = 0.5, zwitterionic limit (betaine type, D + -A − , c 2 = 1) 26,86,87 and as a function of π-bond-order alternations (BOAs).…”
Section: Nlo Dyesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…86 Polarizability anisotropy Δα, the ground-state dipole moment μ and the first hyperpolarizability β are significantly affected by structural modifications due to changes in the electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups. The two terms of FOM of the NLO chromophores with various π-conjugated structures with different electron-donating and -accepting substituent groups were individually evaluated as a function of the resonance parameter c 2 for two basic resonance states of push-pull chromophores, a neutral polyene limit (D-A, c 2 = 0), cyanine limit with c 2 = 0.5, zwitterionic limit (betaine type, D + -A − , c 2 = 1) 26,86,87 and as a function of π-bond-order alternations (BOAs). 27,88,89 For π-conjugated molecules with single-double bond series, bondlength alternation (BLA) is defined in terms of the difference between the average lengths of single bonds and that of double bonds, which is significantly related to the optimized geometries.…”
Section: Nlo Dyesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The origin behind this apparent discrepancy between a decent EQE and a rather poor carrier mobility could be the strong polarity of the MD304 (MC dyes, in general), the molecular dipole moment being ∼14 D. 26 Organic materials commonly feature rather low dielectric constants (ε r = 2-3), and as a result, the Coulomb interaction between charges is strong, leading to losses due to recombination. A more polar environment would stabilize charges and thus reduce recombination effects.…”
Section: Permittivitymentioning
confidence: 99%