Electronics and DAQ for the Magnetized mini-ICAL Detector at IICHEP

Saraf, M. N.; Pathaleswar,; Nagaraj, P.; Ravindran, K.; Satyanarayana, B.; Shinde, R. R.; Kaur, Puneet Kanwar; Chandratre, V.B.; Sukhwani, Menka; Kolla, Hemasundara Rao; Thomas, Megha; Shas, Umesh; Sil, D.; Upadhya, S. S.; Lokapure, A.; Gokhale, U.; Bharathi, R; Yuvaraj, E.; Behere, A.; Moitra, Saibal; Ayyagiri, N.; Sikder, Somali; Joshi, Sanjay S.; Manna, Akash; Padmini, A.; Punna, M.; Majunder, G.; Datar, V. M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_108

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…RPCs are made by placing two thin glass plates of size 175 cm×185 cm and 3 mm thickness, placed 2 mm apart from each other. The bulk resistivity of glass used is 3-4×10 12 Ωcm [9]. The gap between the two glass plates is maintained to be 2 mm using circular poly-carbonate "button" spacers of diameter 11 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving time and position resolutions of RPC detectors using time over threshold information

John¹,

Pethuraj²,

Majumder³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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INO-ICAL is a proposed underground experiment to study the oscillation parameters of neutrinos by detecting those produced in the atmospheric air showers. The Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) is to have 151 layers of iron plates stacked vertically corresponding to a height of ∼14.5 m, with active detector elements inserted between the iron layers. The iron layers will be magnetized with a maximum magnetic field of 1.5 T to enable the measurement of the charge and momentum of the μ - (or μ +) produced by ν μ (or ν̅ μ ) interactions inside the detector throughout the operation. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) have been chosen as the active detector elements as they are amenable to large area coverage, as well as due to their high particle detection efficiency, long-term performance and low cost of production. The major factors that weigh in on the physics potential of the ICAL detector are the efficiency, position resolution and time resolution of the large area RPCs. A prototype detector called mini-ICAL (with 11 iron layers) was commissioned in order to understand the engineering challenges in building the large-scale electromagnet and its ancillary systems, and also to study the performance of the RPC detectors and readout electronics developed by the INO collaboration. As part of the performance study of the RPC detectors, an attempt is made to improve their position and time resolutions. The designed position resolution for the ICAL detector is of the order of 1 cm and the required time resolution is ∼1 ns. Even a small improvement in the position and time resolution will help to improve the measurements of momentum and directionality of the neutrinos in the ICAL detector. In ICAL detector simulation, where muons traverse in all directions with on average 20 RPC layers, a 30 % improvement in position resolution results in ∼10 % improvement in the momentum resolution at 3 GeV. Due to large iron materials in between two RPCs, the resolution is dominated by the effect of multiple scattering at this momentum. Also for a muon with 10 layer hit, the charge ambiguity reduces from 0.04 % to 0.001 % when the time resolution improves from 1 ns to 0.7 ns. The Time-over-Threshold (ToT) of the RPC pulses is recorded by the readout electronics. ToT is a measure of the pulse width and consequently the pulse amplitude. This information is used to improve the time and position resolution of RPCs and consequently INO's physics potential.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Events with either an X-side or a Y-side trigger are stored. Once the trigger is formed the digitized data is transmitted to the back-end using the DAQ boards network interface [12]. The efficiency measurements performed on this setup are described in [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving time and position resolutions of RPC detectors using time over threshold information

John¹,

Pethuraj²,

Majumder³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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“…A typical trigger rate of this setup is ∼ 180 Hz. Once the trigger is formed the digitized data is transmitted to the back-end using the DAQ boards network interface [6]. More detail on this setup is available in [3].…”

Section: Jinst 18 P11023mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of RPC responses in mini-Iron Calorimeter for cosmic ray muon studies

John,

Majumder,

Pethuraj

2023

J. Inst.

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A Prototype of the Iron Calorimeter for the India-based Neutrino Observatory is currently running in Madurai, India. This consists of twenty large area single gap Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) of size, ∼ 185 cm × 175 cm sandwiched between 11 layers of iron plates of thickness 5.6 cm. The total size of the mini-Iron Calorimeter(mini-ICAL) is 4 m × 4 m × 1.2 m and having a weight of 85 tons is a (1/600) scaled-down version of the ICAL detector of INO [1]. The detector is magnetized using iron plates and two sets of copper coils, each coil has 18 turns. The central region of the mini-ICAL, where the RPCs are placed, has a nearly uniform magnetic field of 1.4 T, similar to the magnetic field in the final ICAL detector. This prototype serves as the basis for the design of the demonstrators, which closely mimics the characteristics of a future ICAL. This detector is built to test the final electronics in the fringe field of the magnet and also to develop the experience to construct the ICAL detector. The mini-ICAL has been operational since 2018 and collects cosmic muon data with different configurations of RPC, and electronics, which are continuously changing for various R&D efforts. Dedicated efforts are made in parallel to measure the momentum and azimuthal angle of μ+ and μ- independently, which could be an important input to the cosmic neutrino event generators. To improve the precision of those measurements a dedicated simulation effort was made, particularly in the digitisation of the RPC signal for a real detector simulation, where efficiency, noise rate, strip multiplicity, etc. were matched with the real data collected during runs at mini-ICAL.

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