Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays

Kim, Seyoon; Jang, Min Seok; Brar, Victor W.; Tolstova, Yulia; Mauser, Kelly W.; Atwater, Harry A.

doi:10.1038/ncomms12323

Cited by 103 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Placing metallic objects by an ordered array with dimension and pitch in the order of the excitation wavelength is a classic way to form plasmonic nanostructures. Either stacking 2D materials on top of those plasmonic nanostructures, or patterning plasmonic nanostructures on top of 2D materials can increase the light absorption at certain wavelengths [93][94][95][96][97]. A significant enhancement~65% of photoluminescence intensity are reported for a monolayer MoS 2 -coated gold nanoantennas system [98].…”

Section: Photodetectormentioning

confidence: 94%

“…First, the introduction of photonic structures into 2D materials can significantly enhance their photoresponsivity [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. On the other hand, by electrostatically tuning the Fermi level of 2D materials, with which photonic structures like waveguides, resonators and cavities are integrated, their modulation performance can be improved [107][108][109][110][111][112][113].…”

Section: Photonic Structure-integrated 2d Materials Optoelectronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic Structure-Integrated Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronics

Wang

2016

Electronics

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Abstract:The rapid development and unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, phosphorene and transition metal dichalcogenides enable them to become intriguing candidates for future optoelectronic applications. To maximize the potential of 2D material-based optoelectronics, various photonic structures are integrated to form photonic structure/2D material hybrid systems so that the device performance can be manipulated in controllable ways. Here, we first introduce the photocurrent-generation mechanisms of 2D material-based optoelectronics and their performance. We then offer an overview and evaluation of the state-of-the-art of hybrid systems, where 2D material optoelectronics are integrated with photonic structures, especially plasmonic nanostructures, photonic waveguides and crystals. By combining with those photonic structures, the performance of 2D material optoelectronics can be further enhanced, and on the other side, a high-performance modulator can be achieved by electrostatically tuning 2D materials. Finally, 2D material-based photodetector can also become an efficient probe to learn the light-matter interactions of photonic structures. Those hybrid systems combine the advantages of 2D materials and photonic structures, providing further capacity for high-performance optoelectronics.

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Section: Photodetectormentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Photonic Structure-integrated 2d Materials Optoelectronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Structure-Integrated Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronics

Wang

2016

Electronics

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] To tune graphene plasmonic resonances, electrical gating has been dominantly used. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] For instance, plasmonic resonances in graphene ribbon arrays [25] could be tuned in a range over 500 cm −1 with a gate voltage varying from −20 to −130 V. By using an ion gel, [30] a broad tunable range around 1000 cm −1 was realized with a low gate voltage of about 4 V.…”

Section: Graphene Plasmonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is especially difficult and challenging for isolated graphene structures such as graphene disks. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] For instance, plasmonic resonances in graphene ribbon arrays [25] could be tuned in a range over 500 cm −1 with a gate voltage varying from −20 to −130 V. By using an ion gel, [30] a broad tunable range around 1000 cm −1 was realized with a low gate voltage of about 4 V.By utilizing the gate-controlled dynamical tuning, graphene plasmonic resonances could have potential applications in optoelectronics [31][32][33][34] such as tunable sensors [25,26] and modulators. Thus, to find a way to tune plasmonic resonances in all kinds of graphene structures without the introduction of electrical connections is of great significance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Tuning of Graphene Plasmonic Resonances by Ultraviolet Illuminations

Dai

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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has some disadvantages. To realize a dynamical tuning, graphene structures should have electrical connections. As a result, electrodes, ion gels, or conducting substrates have to be introduced to attain an electrical connection. The method has been successfully applied to graphene sheets and ribbons. However, it is especially difficult and challenging for isolated graphene structures such as graphene disks. [35,36] Moreover, intrinsic absorptions from either conducting substrates or ion gels are inevitable, which may degrade considerably graphene plasmonic resonances. Thus, to find a way to tune plasmonic resonances in all kinds of graphene structures without the introduction of electrical connections is of great significance.In this paper, we develop a simple and efficient method to tune graphene plasmonic resonances by UV illuminations. We show that UV illuminations can induce a dynamical tuning of plasmonic resonances in all kinds of graphene structures both with and without electrical connections. Factors that influence this tuning process including the operating wavelength, power density, and illumination time of UV light sources are discussed.Plasmonic resonances in both graphene and graphene structures depend strongly on their Fermi levels, [4] E F . Consequently, a variation of the Fermi level can lead to a change in plasmonic resonances. To show UV illuminations can induce a change in the Fermi level, we measure the response of resistance and transmission spectra of graphene samples on an insulating BaF 2 substrate. The UV source used is a 355 nm solid-state laser. Figure 1a shows the resistance οf graphene changing with time upon UV illuminations at different power densities. Once the UV laser is switched on, the resistance undergoes an increase with time and reaches saturated values a few minutes later. If switching off the UV laser, the resistance decreases with time and resumes the original values without UV illuminations eventually. Obviously, the larger the power density of the UV laser is, the higher the resistance is. Correspondingly, the resuming time needed after switching off the UV laser is more. Physically, a change in resistance means a variation of the carrier concentration in graphene samples induced by UV illuminations. A higher resistance corresponds to a lower carrier concentration, implying a lower Fermi level. Thus, the time-dependent resistance measurements show unambiguously that the Fermi level of graphene can be modified by UV illuminations in a dynamical and reversible way. One of the unique features of plasmonic resonances in graphene structuresis the enabled tunability through external means. Up to now, electrical gating is extensively adopted to tune graphene plasmonic resonances. This method is, however, limited unfortunately only to graphene structures with electrical connections. Here, a simple and efficient method to tune graphene plasmonic resonances by ultraviolet illuminations in a dynamical and reversible way is demonstrated. It is purely an optical means and can be a...

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“…However it is known [12] that a collection of emitters effectively enhances the coupling and thus collective excitations of the emitters can be used to reach the strong coupling regime. The usefulness of collective excitations has been demonstrated for a very wide variety of systems: superconducting qubits [13]; magnons [14,15]; cyclotron motion of surface electrons [16]; graphene ribbons [17]; porphyrin excitons [18], J-aggregates [19][20][21][22][23][24], dye molecules [25,26], quantum dots [27,28] and nanoprisms [29]. Recently also strong coupling for monolayer transition dichalcogenides in a dielectric cavity [30] and in a plasmonic cavity [31] has been realized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong coupling of collection of emitters on hyperbolic meta-material

Biehs

Agarwal

2018

J. Opt.

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Recently considerable effort is devoted to the realization of the strong coupling regime of the radiation matter interaction in the context of emitter at a meta surface. The strong interaction is well realized in cavity quantum electrodynamics which also shows that the strong coupling is much easier to realize using a collection of emitters. Keeping this in mind we study if emitters on a hyperbolic meta materials can yield strong coupling regime. We show that the strong coupling can be realized for densities of emitters exceeding a critical value. A way to detect the strong coupling between emitters and a hyperbolic metamaterials is to use the Kretschman-Raether configuration.The strong coupling appears as the splitting of the reflectivity dip. In the weak coupling regime the dip position shifts. The shift and splitting can be used to sense active molecules at surfaces.

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Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays

Cited by 103 publications

References 45 publications

Photonic Structure-Integrated Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronics

Photonic Structure-Integrated Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronics

Dynamical Tuning of Graphene Plasmonic Resonances by Ultraviolet Illuminations

Strong coupling of collection of emitters on hyperbolic meta-material

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