“…Thus this structure has been broadly utilized in the design of some types of antennas such as low profile leaky wave antenna operating at microwave regime with high efficiency and gain in correlation with conventional ground plane. Also adding active HIS (Huang, Wu, Tang & Mao, 2012) elements loaded with varactor diodes to the antennas enables them to beam steering and easy frequency tuning (Guzman-Quiros, Gomez-Tornero, Weily & Guo, 2012;Sievenpiper, Schaffner, Song, Loo & Tangonan, 2003). It is also possible to insert periodic graphene patches as antenna ground.…”