Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption have been used to study the reactions of methanol (CH3OH, CD3OH and CH3
18OH) on the clean Ru(0001) surface in the temperature range 80−600 K. It has been found that the methanol thermal evolution is initiated by a breaking of the OH bond, forming an upright (C
3v
symmetry) methoxy species (CH3O). This reaction requires annealing to about 180 K and, for dense layers, proceeds in parallel to molecular desorption. At 220 K, methoxy is found to be the dominant surface species. However, its decomposition into CO + 3H already starts at this temperature, as deduced from the appearance of the ν(CO) mode of CO; that is, methoxy is stable in a narrow temperature range only. Yet, CH3O formed at 220 K can be stabilized up to 320−340 K by means of surface site blocking through CO coadsorption. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the resulting reaction products from methoxy decomposition, desorb at 330−350 and 470 K, respectively. No other reaction intermediates have been identified. An entirely new interpretation is presented regarding the production of water detected in thermal desorption at about 190 K. On the basis of experiments with different methanol and oxygen isotopes, we demonstrate that it is the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of methanol and residual surface oxygen (most likely at steps and a relict of the surface cleaning procedure with oxygen) which contributes to the formation of water. As intermixing of abstracted hydrogen with coadsorbed deuterium is found to be negligible, the hydrogen abstracted from methanol is suggested to react directly with surface oxygen, that is, without adsorbing on the surface in between. CO bond breaking, long believed to act as the primary reaction step toward water formation, can definitely be ruled out.