Electronic transport properties of single-crystal bismuth nanowire arrays

Zhang, Zhibo; Sun, Xin‐Yuan; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Ying, Jackie Y.; Heremans, Joseph P.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.4850

Cited by 294 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In particular, single-crystalline Bi has been considered as a potential thermoelectric material for nanostructures because of its unusual intrinsic properties, 3,4 i.e., its anisotropic Fermi pocket (L-point electron and T-point hole pocket in the Brillouin zone), 4 small band overlap (38 meV), 5 small effective mass (∼0.001 m e ), 6 long mean free path (MFP ∼ 1 mm), 7 and large Fermi wavelength (∼70 nm). 8 These properties cause the semimetal-to-semiconductor (SMSC) transition to occur more easily (diameter < 50 nm), compared to conventional metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diameter-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit in single-crystalline Bi nanowires

et al. 2015

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The diameter-dependent thermoelectric properties of individual single-crystalline Bi nanowires grown by the on-film formation of nanowires method have been investigated. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured as functions of the nanowire diameter using an individual nanowire device. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT ) calculated from the measured thermoelectric properties shows an increase from the bulk value to a maximum value of 0.28 at 109 nmdiameter, followed by a decrease upon further decreasing the diameter. This non-monotonic diameter dependence of ZT in Bi nanowires reveals simultaneous positive and negative contributions to the thermoelectric efficiency, driven by the change in intrinsic properties, which originates from the diameter-dependent classical and quantum size effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diameter-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit in single-crystalline Bi nanowires

et al. 2015

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“…In the past, the most frequently used techniques to introduce nanometer diameter wires into porous host materials have used a high pressure to force molten metal into the pores [27] or used glass capillaries filled with molten Bi, which were then extruded into narrow wires [28]. More recently, we described a vapor-phase method [29,30] shown here in Fig.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dimensional Thermoelectricity

Heremans

2005

Acta Phys. Pol. A

142

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Thermoelectric materials are used as solid-state heat pumps and as power generators. The low efficiency of devices based on conventional bulk thermoelectric materials confines their applications to niches in which their advantages in compactness and controllability outweigh that drawback. Recent developments in nanotechnologies have led to the development of thermoelectric nano-materials with double the efficiency of the best bulk materials, opening several new classes of applications for thermoelectric energy conversion technology. We review here first the physical mechanisms that result in the superior thermoelectric performance of low-dimensional solids, compared to bulk thermoelectric materials: they are a reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity, and an increase in the Seebeck coefficient S for a given carrier density. The second part of this review summarizes experimental results obtained on macroscopic arrays of bismuth, antimony, and zinc nanowires with diameters ranging from 200 to 7 nm. We show how size-quantization effects greatly increase S for a given carrier concentration, as long as the diameter of the nanowires remains above 9 nm, below which localization effects start dominating. In a third part, we give data on PbTe nanocomposites, particularly bulk samples containing 30 nm diameter Pb inclusions. These inclusions affect the electron scattering in such a way as to again increase the Seebeck coefficient.

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“…[17][18] Most published results have been for metal electrochemical infiltration of either submicron porous matrices 18 or micrometer thin anodized Al 2 O 3 membranes with one-dimensional nanopore channels . 6,17,[19][20] The present paper describes a method in which a nanograin ceramic compact is first produced with homogeneous nanoporosity, and subsequently filled with a continuous metallic nanowire network by room temperature electrochemical infiltration.Nanoporous alumina matrices (10 mm diameter and 1 mm thick, 40% porosity) were made by compacting and free sintering 20 nm γ-Al 2 O 3 nanopowder. The samples were placed in a holder, and electrochemical infiltration of Cu into the interconnected nanopore channels was done in a 0.2M CuSO 4 + 2M H 2 SO 4 + deionized water electroplating bath, with a Cu anode and the sample/Cu cathode 1.5 cm apart.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Co-continuous Metal−Ceramic Nanocomposites

2005

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A room temperature technique was developed to produce continuous metal nanowires embedded in random nanoporous ceramic skeletons. The synthesis involves preparation of uniform, nanoporous ceramic preforms, and subsequent electrochemical metal infiltration at room temperature, so to avoid materials incompatibilities frequently encountered in traditional high temperature liquid metal infiltration. Structure and preliminary evaluations of mechanical and electronic properties of copper/alumina nanocomposites are reported.Keywords: Metal/ceramic nanocomposite, Cu, porous Al 2 O 3 , electrochemical infiltration. * Corresponding author. Email: xfzhang@lbl.gov 2 Nanograin ceramics have been reported to exhibit dramatically increased strength, hardness, and superplasticity. 1 Similarly, metallic nanowires can have unusual physical properties, such as quantized electron, photon, and phonon transport. [2][3][4][5][6] Enhanced strength, plasticity, and hardness were also observed for nanocrystalline metals as a result of limited dislocation mobility 1,[7][8][9][10][11] . While other deformation mechanisms, such as desclination activity 12 may participate at high deformation rates, diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding 13-15 is likely to be the dominant deformation mechanism for nanosized grain materials. It was also reported that scale effects are significant factors in determining strength and plasticity of metals, alloys, and superalloys for sizes up to as much as several micrometers. 16 When co-continuous metal/ceramic composites are created in which both the metallic and the ceramic components are of nanoscale size, the nature of the high interface/volume ratio and synergy of the combined physical properties may lead to a novel class of structural or functional materials.To avoid materials incompatibilities associated with the elevated temperatures required for molten metal infiltration, room temperature electrochemical infiltration of porous ceramic preforms has been considered. [17][18] Most published results have been for metal electrochemical infiltration of either submicron porous matrices 18 or micrometer thin anodized Al 2 O 3 membranes with one-dimensional nanopore channels . 6,17,[19][20] The present paper describes a method in which a nanograin ceramic compact is first produced with homogeneous nanoporosity, and subsequently filled with a continuous metallic nanowire network by room temperature electrochemical infiltration.Nanoporous alumina matrices (10 mm diameter and 1 mm thick, 40% porosity) were made by compacting and free sintering 20 nm γ-Al 2 O 3 nanopowder. The samples were placed in a holder, and electrochemical infiltration of Cu into the interconnected nanopore channels was done in a 0.2M CuSO 4 + 2M H 2 SO 4 + deionized water electroplating bath, with a Cu anode and the sample/Cu cathode 1.5 cm apart. Optimization of combined d.c. and a.c. currents was essential for efficient infiltration. The infiltrated samples were dried, and post-annealed at 500 o C in a He/4% H 2 atmosphere. The...

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Electronic transport properties of single-crystal bismuth nanowire arrays

Cited by 294 publications

References 30 publications

Diameter-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit in single-crystalline Bi nanowires

Diameter-dependent thermoelectric figure of merit in single-crystalline Bi nanowires

Low-Dimensional Thermoelectricity

Co-continuous Metal−Ceramic Nanocomposites

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