Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions

Meena, Jagan Singh; Choi, Su Bin; Jung, Seung‐Boo; Kim, Jong‐Woong

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100565

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 263 publications

(326 reference statements)

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“…One reason is that they are still facing the challenges in sustainability. 907 Though most textile materials are recyclable, the incorporation of electronics into these existing textiles makes end-of-life processing complicated. 908 Typically, a PCT-based electronic system is an integration of various types of nontextile components, such as conductive materials in PCTs as electrodes and interconnectors, batteries, and chips, into textile components.…”

Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While PCTs and PCT-based electronic devices are experiencing tremendous development in academia, the wearable markets have not yet witnessed a wide adoption of these novel E-textiles. One reason is that they are still facing the challenges in sustainability . Though most textile materials are recyclable, the incorporation of electronics into these existing textiles makes end-of-life processing complicated .…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics

Ding,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.

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Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics

Ding,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…57 Additional connections between textile electronics components in a fabric are a challenge, due to their high modulus and density.…”

Section: Smart E-textiles and Modern Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 The main categories of electronic devices/technology for wearable e-textiles developments were listed in Table 2, they are integrated into E-textiles. 57 Additional connections between textile electronics components in a fabric are a challenge, due to their high modulus and density.…”

Section: Transmission and Communication Of Smart E-textilementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart E-textiles: A review of their aspects and applications

Younes

2023

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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The innovation in high-converging technology using electronics and textiles augments the functionality of E-textiles as Smart E-Textiles (SETs), which overcome the gap between interactivity and inter-connectivity. The current article presents a review about the recent developments in Smart E-textiles and their relationship with other modern technologies. Smart E-Textiles can be developed via smart sensors, wireless communication technologies, embedded technologies, and nanotechnology, which can monitor activity for modern applications. Investments in research and development of Smart E-Textiles will encourage the use of them as sustainable and cost-effective options for light-weight, high-performance wearable technology for monitoring a wide range of the digitization activities of Smart E-Textiles applications.

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“…In recent times, wearable sensors have emerged as a pivotal technology for monitoring human body movements, proving to be indispensable for a range of critical applications. These include remote healthcare provision, monitoring daily activities of the elderly, diagnosing health conditions, facilitating rehabilitation and training, and evaluating sports performance. − Wearable sensors enable early detection of diseases by identifying movement disorders and allow for prompt intervention by detecting falls among elderly individuals. − The early identification of COVID-19 symptoms has notably spurred the production of wearable sensors and intelligent sensing masks, specifically designed to monitor physiological indicators and breathing patterns. − Various wearable sensing systems have been developed thus far, encompassing resistive, capacitive, piezoresistive, and piezoelectric technologies for real-time health and condition monitoring. − Although these electronic sensing systems hold immense promise for health monitoring applications, they currently rely heavily on external power sources such as batteries or supercapacitors. Moreover, it is essential for wearable electronic sensing devices to be fully functional, comfortable, portable, and sustainable before they can be deemed suitable for practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Repairing and Energy-Harvesting Triboelectric Sensor for Tracking Limb Motion and Identifying Breathing Patterns

Meena

Khanh

Jung

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The increasing prevalence of health problems stemming from sedentary lifestyles and evolving workplace cultures has placed a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Consequently, remote health wearable monitoring systems have emerged as essential tools to track individuals' health and wellbeing. Self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have exhibited significant potential for use as emerging detection devices capable of recognizing body movements and monitoring breathing patterns. However, several challenges remain to be addressed in order to fulfill the requirements for self-healing ability, air permeability, energy harvesting, and suitable sensing materials. These materials must possess high flexibility, be lightweight, and have excellent triboelectric charging effects in both electropositive and electronegative layers. In this work, we investigated selfhealable electrospun polybutadiene-based urethane (PBU) as a positive triboelectric layer and titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) MXene as a negative triboelectric layer for the fabrication of an energy-harvesting TENG device. PBU consists of maleimide and furfuryl components as well as hydrogen bonds that trigger the Diels−Alder reaction, contributing to its self-healing properties. Moreover, this urethane incorporates a multitude of carbonyl and amine groups, which create dipole moments in both the stiff and the flexible segments of the polymer. This characteristic positively influences the triboelectric qualities of PBU by facilitating electron transfer between contacting materials, ultimately resulting in high output performance. We employed this device for sensing applications to monitor human motion and breathing pattern recognition. The soft and fibrous-structured TENG generates a high and stable opencircuit voltage of up to 30 V and a short-circuit current of 4 μA at an operation frequency of 4.0 Hz, demonstrating remarkable cyclic stability. A significant feature of our TENG is its self-healing ability, which allows for the restoration of its functionality and performance after sustaining damage. This characteristic has been achieved through the utilization of the self-healable PBU fibers, which can be repaired via a simple vapor solvent method. This innovative approach enables the TENG device to maintain optimal performance and continue functioning effectively even after multiple uses. After integration with a rectifier, the TENG can charge various capacitors and power 120 LEDs. Moreover, we employed the TENG as a self-powered active motion sensor, attaching it to the human body to monitor various body movements for energy-harvesting and sensing purposes. Additionally, the device demonstrates the capability to recognize breathing patterns in real time, offering valuable insights into an individual's respiratory health.

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Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions

Cited by 40 publications

References 263 publications

Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics

Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics

Smart E-textiles: A review of their aspects and applications

Self-Repairing and Energy-Harvesting Triboelectric Sensor for Tracking Limb Motion and Identifying Breathing Patterns

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