“…In addition, Heusler alloy behaves differently from the elemental magnets, the majority spin channel in Co 2 FeSi is metallic, while the minority spin channel is semiconducting. [44][45][46][47][48] Therefore, another challenge is a clear experimental distinguishing between contributions to the ultrafast spin dynamics from majority and minority spins in Heusler alloy. [49] In this study, we address these challenges using ultrafast THz emission TDS, which gives direct access to the ultrafast demagnetization, [50,51] and spin-to-charge current conversion in FM based heterostructures, such as FM/NM, [52][53][54][55] FM/2D hybrid metal halides, [56] antiferromagnets/NM, [57] FM/topological insulator, [58][59][60] FM/MoS 2 [61] and semimetals/NM, [62,63] on the (sub-) picosecond timescales in a contact-free and rapid fashion.…”