Electronic Structure of an XUV Photogenerated Solid-Density Aluminum Plasma

Vinko, S. M.; Zastrau, U.; Mazevet, S.; Andreasson, Jakob; Bajt, Saša; Burian, T.; Chalupský, J.; Chapman, Henry N.; Cihelka, J.; Doria, D.; Döppner, T.; Düsterer, S.; Dzelzainis, T.; Fäustlin, R. R.; Fortmann, C.; Förster, E.; Galtier, E.; Glenzer, S. H.; Göde, S.; Gregori, G.; Hajdu, János; Hájková, V.; Heimann, Philip; Irsig, Robert; Juha, L.; Jurek, M.; Krzywiński, J.; Laarmann, Tim; Lee, H.J.; Lee, R.W.; Li, B.; Meiwes‐Broer, K. H.; Mithen, J.; Nagler, Bob; Nelson, A. J.; Przystawik, Andreas; Redmer, R.; Riley, David; Rosmej, F. B.; Sobierajski, R.; Tavella, F.; Thiele, R.; Tiggesbäumker, J.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, Th.; Vyšín, L.; Whitcher, T.; White, S.; Wark, J. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.225001

Cited by 66 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It enables creating and probing plasmas, 14,15 hot dense matter, [15][16][17] and warm dense matter, 18,19 as well as the investigation of the interaction of low-fluence ultrafast laser pulses with matter, with applications to structural studies within solidstate physics, 11,[20][21][22][23] nanophysics, 24 molecular physics, and biophysics. 25 The presently operating free-electron lasers can produce laser pulses with durations of a few tens down to a few femtoseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

2013

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Diamond irradiated with an ultrashort intense laser pulse in the regime of photon energies from soft up to hard x rays can undergo a phase transition to graphite. This transition is induced by an excitation of electrons from the valence band or from atomic deep shells of the material into its conduction band, which is followed by a transient rapid change of the interatomic potential. Such a nonthermal phase transition occurs on a femtosecond time scale, shortly after or even during the laser pulse. In this work we show that the duration of the graphitization depends on the incoming photon energy: the higher the photon energy is, the longer the secondary electron cascading which promotes the electrons into the conduction band will take. The transient kinetics of the electronic and atomic processes during the graphitization is analyzed in detail. The damage threshold fluence is calculated in the broad photon energy range and is found to be always ∼0.7 eV/atom in terms of the average dose absorbed per atom. It is confirmed that the temporal characteristics of a femtosecond laser pulse (at a fixed pulse duration and fluence) do not significantly influence the transient damage kinetics. Finally, the influence of an additional surface layer of high-Z material on the damage within diamond is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

2013

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“…The first years of research with short-wavelength FELs have demonstrated that at x-ray frequencies, laser-matter interactions are significantly different from interactions at * optical frequencies [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Understanding and controlling parameters that govern extreme interactions between x-ray radiation and materials are fundamentally important to many fields, including plasma acceleration and fusion research [16,17] and the structure determination of single biomolecules [18], viruses, or cells [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturated ablation in metal hydrides and acceleration of protons and deuterons to keV energies with a soft-x-ray laser

Andreasson

Iwan²,

Andrejczuk³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. E

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Studies of materials under extreme conditions have relevance to a broad area of research, including planetary physics, fusion research, materials science, and structural biology with x-ray lasers. We study such extreme conditions and experimentally probe the interaction between ultrashort soft x-ray pulses and solid targets (metals and their deuterides) at the FLASH free-electron laser where power densities exceeding 10 17 W/cm 2 were reached. Time-of-flight ion spectrometry and crater analysis were used to characterize the interaction. The results show the onset of saturation in the ablation process at power densities above 10 16 W/cm 2 . This effect can be linked to a transiently induced x-ray transparency in the solid by the femtosecond x-ray pulse at high power densities. The measured kinetic energies of protons and deuterons ejected from the surface reach several keV and concur with predictions from plasma-expansion models. Simulations of the interactions were performed with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium code with radiation transfer. These calculations return critical depths similar to the observed crater depths and capture the transient surface transparency at higher power densities.

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“…The use of excited potentials in DFT calculations to study the electronic structure, often investigated experimentally by photoemission spectroscopy, is an established technique [22][23][24][25] , and has been recently adapted to the frozen-core PAW formalism to study the properties of dense plasmas 26 . This technique has since been successfully applied to interpret XANES measurements on dense Al plasmas with a 1s core hole 27 , and to the study of X-ray emission spectroscopy and electronic structure of L-shell-excited Al on the VUV FEL FLASH 28 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Density functional theory calculations of continuum lowering in strongly coupled plasmas

2014

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An accurate description of the ionization potential depression of ions in plasmas due to their interaction with the environment is a fundamental problem in plasma physics, playing a key role in determining the ionization balance, charge state distribution, opacity and plasma equation of state. Here we present a method to study the structure and position of the continuum of highly ionized dense plasmas using finite-temperature density functional theory in combination with excited-state projector augmented-wave potentials. The method is applied to aluminium plasmas created by intense X-ray irradiation, and shows excellent agreement with recently obtained experimental results. We find that the continuum lowering for ions in dense plasmas at intermediate temperatures is larger than predicted by standard plasma models and explain this effect through the electronic structure of the valence states in these strong-coupling conditions.

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Electronic Structure of an XUV Photogenerated Solid-Density Aluminum Plasma

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

Nonthermal graphitization of diamond induced by a femtosecond x-ray laser pulse

Saturated ablation in metal hydrides and acceleration of protons and deuterons to keV energies with a soft-x-ray laser

Density functional theory calculations of continuum lowering in strongly coupled plasmas

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