Electronic Separation of Biological Cells by Volume

Fulwyler, Mack J.

doi:10.1126/science.150.3698.910

Cited by 391 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If this equation is written in terms of relative band width B we obtain B = sa t Asp dp + Sy Sn Sa t Sq 0) (2) where sa is the average sedimentation velocity. This expression reveals that only the constant part of the error can be decreased by prolonging the separation time.…”

Section: It Follows In Mathematical Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Velocity Sedimentation Techniques in Cell Separation. Influence of Apparative and Sample Properties on Separative Power, Resolution and Sensitivity

Zeiller¹,

Hansen²,

Leihener³

et al. 1976

Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie

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Summary: In the present investigation the velocity sedimentation technique was analysed with respect to separation resolution, power and sensitivity. It was found that apparative modifications do not influence the resolution, which is a function of the contribution of apparative errors to the dispersion. A surprisingly small parameter °f 0.15 was determined and it seems unlikely that this value can be improved. On the other hand an a Pparative modification is presented which improves the separation power and makes sample loading independent of the gradient filling. If cells (from rat bone marrow) were separated, a several times higher dispersion for a given cell volume was observed than was due to the apparative error. It was concluded that density variations were the major source of this dispersion. Since cell volume and density apparently show independent variations within a biological cell population the cell density cannot be disregarded if velocity sedimentation profiles are discussed in physical terms as is often done.

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Section: It Follows In Mathematical Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Velocity Sedimentation Techniques in Cell Separation. Influence of Apparative and Sample Properties on Separative Power, Resolution and Sensitivity

Zeiller¹,

Hansen²,

Leihener³

et al. 1976

Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie

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“…It has been more than 40 years since Mack Fulwyler (1) and others (2)(3)(4)(5) demonstrated the first successful droplet-based cell sorting adapting ink-jet printing technology (6). Fulwyler, who was then a physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, used piezo-electric crystal based inkjet printed developed by Richard Sweet to sort cells on the basis of their Coulter volume signals.…”

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Ultra high‐speed sorting

Leary

2005

Cytometry Pt A

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BackgroundCell sorting has a history dating back approximately 40 years. The main limitation has been that, although flow cytometry is a science, cell sorting has been an art during most of this time. Recent advances in assisting technologies have helped to decrease the amount of expertise necessary to perform sorting.MethodsDroplet‐based sorting is based on a controlled disturbance of a jet stream dependent on surface tension. Sorting yield and purity are highly dependent on stable jet break‐off position. System pressures and orifice diameters dictate the number of droplets per second, which is the sort rate limiting step because modern electronics can more than handle the higher cell signal processing rates.ResultsCell sorting still requires considerable expertise. Complex multicolor sorting also requires new and more sophisticated sort decisions, especially when cell subpopulations are rare and need to be extracted from background. High‐speed sorting continues to pose major problems in terms of biosafety due to the aerosols generated.ConclusionsCell sorting has become more stable and predictable and requires less expertise to operate. However, the problems of aerosol containment continue to make droplet‐based cell sorting problematical. Fluid physics and cell viability restraints pose practical limits for high‐speed sorting that have almost been reached. Over the next 5 years there may be advances in fluidic switching sorting in lab‐on‐a‐chip microfluidic systems that could not only solve the aerosol and viability problems but also make ultra high‐speed sorting possible and practical through massively parallel and exponential staging microfluidic architectures. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology

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“…From the time in the early 1960s, when Mack Fulwyler first described the electrostatic method for cell sorting by flow cytometry (1), the instrumentation has become compact with increased capabilities. Flow cytometry is the only technology in which rapid single cell multiparameter analysis and sorting can be accomplished (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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Flow cytometer in the infrared: Inexpensive modifications to a commercial instrument

et al. 2005

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Background: The application of molecules that fluoresce in the infrared (IR) region to measure cell products would be enhanced by a flow cytometer capable of measuring them. To our knowledge, none exist at this time. Accordingly, we have developed such an instrument. Methods: A Becton Dickinson LSR flow cytometer was modified to include a small 785-nm IR diode laser the size of a C cell battery with 44-mW output power. The instrument was modified further to accommodate this laser in addition to a 405-nm solid-state laser, a 488-nm air-cooled argon laser, and a 658-nm solid-state laser. Because the IR laser is dangerous to the eye, the laser beams were viewed for optical alignment using a CCD camera and video monitor. An avalanche photodiode was used in place of a photomultiplier tube because its detection sensitivity in the IR region is superior. Results: To assess performance, scatter and florescence measurements were made using microspheres that fluoresce in the IR region, and human leukocytes were stained

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Electronic Separation of Biological Cells by Volume

Cited by 391 publications

References 5 publications

Analysis of Velocity Sedimentation Techniques in Cell Separation. Influence of Apparative and Sample Properties on Separative Power, Resolution and Sensitivity

Analysis of Velocity Sedimentation Techniques in Cell Separation. Influence of Apparative and Sample Properties on Separative Power, Resolution and Sensitivity

Ultra high‐speed sorting

Flow cytometer in the infrared: Inexpensive modifications to a commercial instrument

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