Electronic noise: the first two decades

Johnson, J. B.

doi:10.1109/mspec.1971.5217957

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…where T is the temperature of the resistor (in kelvin), k B is Boltzmann's constant and Δf is the noise bandwidth [1,2]. As the temperature T approaches zero, V RMS is reduced to zero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of absolute zero temperature from thermistor voltage noise

Pruttivarasin

2020

Eur. J. Phys.

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We present a simple experiment to determine absolute zero temperature by measuring the Johnson noise of a thermistor. Using the thermistor itself as a temperature sensor, we measure the thermistor voltage noise at different temperatures by submerging the thermistor in hot and cold water contained in a thermally insulated cup. A linear fit of the data yields an absolute zero temperature of −274 ± 14 °C, agreeing with the accepted value. The experiment is simple enough to be performed at most universities as a part of an undergraduate experimental physics course.

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“…where T is the temperature of the resistor (in kelvin), k B is Boltzmann's constant and Δf is the noise bandwidth [1,2]. As the temperature T approaches zero, V RMS is reduced to zero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of absolute zero temperature from thermistor voltage noise

Pruttivarasin

2020

Eur. J. Phys.

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“…The derivation of the noise is within the scope of the first course in statistical mechanics. To be able to relate the amplitude of the noise to a fundamental constant such as the Boltzmann's constant is rather extraordinary [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust experimental setup for Johnson noise measurement suitable for advanced undergraduate students

Pruttivarasin

2018

Eur. J. Phys.

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We present a durable and inexpensive construction of a Johnson noise experiment suitable for advanced undergraduate students. By measuring the root-mean-square voltage noises for different resistors and taking into account the input capacitance of the amplifier circuit, we demonstrate that the experimental setup is capable of measuring the value of the Boltzmann’s constant to be J K−1. The setup also allows us to determine the capacitance of an RG-58/U cable to be 80 ± 3 pF m−1. We also provide observations from two years of teaching this experiment, containing common student pitfalls. Finally, we discuss possible adjustments of the experiment according to a time constraint.

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“…He was accepted at Yale and finished a PhD in Physics in 1917 at the age of 28. The thesis topic was "On the Stark effect in helium and neon" [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It gave significant engineering insight about shaping the Nyquist curve to stabilize an unstable system [2]. Many students of engineering and physics learn about Johnson-Nyquist noise [3], [8], a theory Nyquist developed based on very precise measurements of thermal made noise by Johnson [4], a colleague from UND and Bell. All students in communications also learn about the Nyquist frequency [6], [7] a key concept closely related to the sampling theorem [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Harry Nyquist [Pioneer in CAS]

2022

IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag.

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Harry Theodor Nykvist was born on February 7, 1889 in Nilsby, a small village in Sweden. He was the fourth child among eight siblings. His father, Lars Jonsson Nykvist, was a shoemaker, his grandfather was a watchmaker. Nykvist was more interested in intellectual pursuits than working at a small farm. He was a very good student and his teacher contacted Harry's parents and suggested that he should be encouraged to become a teacher. The social situation in Sweden at the time was such that there were few possibilities for a person from a poor family to study. His teacher proposed that Harry should emigrate to USA where he could realize his full potential. Nykvist took menial work on a farm and at a local sulphate factory to raise money for travel. In 1907 he left Sweden, landed in Boston, changed spelling of his family name to Nyquist. He traveled to Minneapolis where first worked at a livery stable and then at a farm to raise money for his studies. He enrolled in the Southern Minnesota Normal College in Austin, Minneapolis, where he met Antonia Wachlin and proposed to her. At the time they did not know that it would take eight years before they could marry. After one year he interrupted his studies and took a teaching job. He was persuaded to continue his studies to get a diploma for teaching in high school. He finished in 1911 as the valedictorian in his class. After teaching one year at Belgrade High School in Minnesota, he continued his academic career at the University of North Dakota (UND) in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He was very active in the Engineering Society and finished with BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering. Nyquist's professors saw his academic potential and recommended him to apply for a scholarship at Yale University. He was accepted at Yale and finished a PhD in Physics in 1917 at the age of 28. The thesis topic was "On the Stark effect in helium and neon" [4].

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Electronic noise: the first two decades

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Determination of absolute zero temperature from thermistor voltage noise

Determination of absolute zero temperature from thermistor voltage noise

A robust experimental setup for Johnson noise measurement suitable for advanced undergraduate students

Harry Nyquist [Pioneer in CAS]

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