With the increasing global population and increasing energy demands, major concerns have been raised over the security of our energy further. Developing sustainable, fossil-free pathways to produce fuels and chemicals could be an effective strategy. The characteristics of no carbon dioxide emission and high energy density make hydrogen an ideal energy carrier. In the energy conversion process, hydrogen can be generated from renewable energy through the electrocatalytic process and store energy in chemical bonds. It can also be converted back to electronic energy when needed through fuel cells and other equipment. Therefore, exploring efficient hydrogen production methods and conversion pathways is the top priority to realize the application of hydrogen energy. In the hydrogen production strategy, the electrocatalytic pathway has become one of the best solutions for efficient hydrogen production, attributing to its fast, efficient, and high selectivity, and low-cost performance. Since Faraday first defined the concept of electrolyzed water in 1833, different types of electrolytic cell devices appeared in the 1920s and 1930s. A variety of designs for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and coupling reactions have been developed, and the technology of hydrogen production by electrolysis has made great progress. This review focuses on the basic principles of electrocatalytic hydrogen production, performance evaluation methods, electrocatalyst types, and electrolyzer structure. Except for the summaries on the latest research progress of electrocatalytic hydrogen production, the existing problems in the current research and possible solutions have also prospected.