Electronic Health Data Security in the Internet of Things through Watermarking: An Introduction

Singh, Om Prakash; Anand, Ashima; Agrawal, Anubhav; Singh, Anushikha

doi:10.1109/iotm.001.2100122

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Whereas PRA absorption in humans is not affected by food, a decrease in C max has been observed in rats in the presence of food. 76,77 For the DMN cohort, C max was observed at 4 h. The PRA plasma levels then decreased and increased again at 24 h. The initial peak observed at 4 h may have been due to the absorption of PRA in the needle tips and some of the MN baseplate. The second peak at 24 h may have been attributed to the absorption of remaining PRA that was present in the baseplate of the DMN.…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Pra Base-containing Directly Co...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

McGuckin,

Hutton,

Davis

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease primarily impacting neurons responsible for dopamine production within the brain. Pramipexole (PRA) is a dopamine agonist that is currently available in tablet form. However, individuals with PD commonly encounter difficulties with swallowing and gastrointestinal motility, making oral formulations less preferable. Microneedle (MN) patches represent innovative transdermal drug delivery devices capable of enhancing skin permeability through the creation of microconduits on the surface of the skin. MNs effectively reduce the barrier function of skin and facilitate the permeation of drugs. The work described here focuses on the development of polymeric MN systems designed to enhance the transdermal delivery of PRA. PRA was formulated into both dissolving MNs (DMNs) and directly compressed tablets (DCTs) to be used in conjunction with hydrogelforming MNs (HFMNs). In vivo investigations using a Sprague−Dawley rat model examined, for the first time, if it was beneficial to prolong the application of DMNs and HFMNs beyond 24 h. Half of the patches in the MN cohorts were left in place for 24 h, whereas the other half remained in place for 5 days. Throughout the entire 5 day study, PRA plasma levels were monitored for all cohorts. This study confirmed the successful delivery of PRA from DMNs (C max = 511.00 ± 277.24 ng/mL, T max = 4 h) and HFMNs (C max = 328.30 ± 98.04 ng/mL, T max = 24 h). Notably, both types of MNs achieved sustained PRA plasma levels over a 5 day period. In contrast, following oral administration, PRA remained detectable in plasma for only 48 h, achieving a C max of 159.32 ± 113.43 ng/ mL at 2 h. The HFMN that remained in place for 5 days demonstrated the most promising performance among all investigated formulations. Although in the early stages of development, the findings reported here offer a hopeful alternative to orally administered PRA. The sustained plasma profile observed here has the potential to reduce the frequency of PRA administration, potentially enhancing patient compliance and ultimately improving their quality of life. This work provides substantial evidence advocating the development of polymeric MN-mediated drug delivery systems to include sustained plasma levels of hydrophilic pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Physical Characterization Of Pra Base-containing Directly Co...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

McGuckin,

Hutton,

Davis

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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“…Patient data can be kept secret using watermarking and encryption algorithms for privacy purposes. Singh et al [31] discussed several spatial domain, frequency domain and cryptographic algorithms to compare their performance in both embedding and extraction. There are some limitations to using watermarking for medical images.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

et al. 2023

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Image watermarking is most often used to prove that an image belongs to someone and to make sure that the image is the same as was originally produced. The type of watermarking used for the detection of originality and tampering is known as authentication-type watermarking. In this paper, a blind semi-fragile authentication watermarking method is introduced. Although the main concern in this paper is authenticating the image, watermarking for proving ownership is additionally implemented. The method considers the image as two main parts: an inner part and an outer part. The inner and outer parts are divided into non-overlapping blocks. The block size of the inner and outer part are different. The outer blocks have a greater area than the inner blocks so that their watermark-holding capacity is greater, providing enough robustness for semi-fragility. The method is semi-fragile and the watermarked image is authenticated despite the JPEG being compressed to 75% quality. The embedded watermark also survives innocent types of image operations, such as intensity adjustment, histogram equalization and gamma correction. Semi-fragile and selectively fragile authentication is valuable and in high demand specifically because it survives these innocent image operations while detecting ill-intentioned tampering. In this work, we embed a binary watermark into the inner and outer parts of images using a scrambling algorithm, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the blocks. The proposed methodology has high image quality after watermarking, with a PSNR value of 40.577 , and high quality is also achieved after JPEG compression. The embedding process provides acceptable image quality after tamper attacks, including JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, average filtering, and scaling attacks with PSNR values greater than 29. Experimental results obtained show that the proposed semi-fragile watermarking algorithm is more robust, secure and resistant than other algorithms in the literature.

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An improved robust algorithm for optimisation-based colour medical image watermarking

Singh,

Singh

et al. 2024

Computers and Electrical Engineering

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Electronic Health Data Security in the Internet of Things through Watermarking: An Introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

An improved robust algorithm for optimisation-based colour medical image watermarking

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